nervous (PNS)

Question 1

Peripheral Nervous System contains:

Answer 1

• Cranial Nerves
• Spinal Nerves
• Autonomic Nervous system

Question 2

There are 12 pairs of _____________, arranged symmetrically and attached to the brain, with the following origins:
- Midbrain
- Pons
- Medulla Oblongata

Answer 2

Cranial Nerves

Question 3

III (Oculomotor), IV (Trochlear)

Answer 3

Midbrain

Question 4

V (Trigeminal), VI (Abducens), VII (Facial), VIII
(Vestibulocochlear)

Answer 4

Pons

Question 5

IX (Glossopharyngeal), X (Vagus), XI (Accessory), XII (Hypoglossal)

Answer 5

Medulla Oblongata

Question 6

Each nerve may be classified as?

Answer 6

sensory (S)
motor (M)
mixed (Mx)
parasympathetic (PS).

Question 7

Types of Cranial Nerves

Answer 7

Olfactory (I)
Optic (II)
Oculomotor (III)
Trochlear (IV)
Trigeminal (V)
Abducens (VI)
Facial (VII)
Vestibulocochlear (VIII)
Glossopharyngeal (IX)
Vagus (X)
Accessory (XI)
Hypoglossal (XII)

Question 8

➢ Smell; passes through the cribriform plate to the olfactory bulb.
➢ Disorder: Anosmia (loss of smell).

Answer 8

Olfactory (I) - (S):

Question 9

➢ Vision; crosses at the optic chiasm.
➢ Disorder: Anopsia (blindness).

Answer 9

Optic (II) - (S):

Question 10

➢ Controls most eye movements, except for the lateral rectus and superior oblique muscles.
➢ Parasympathetic to the iris.

Answer 10

Oculomotor (III) - (M, PS):

Question 11

➢ Thinnest nerve, innervates the superior oblique muscle.

Answer 11

Trochlear (IV) - (M):

Question 12

➢ Three branches (ophthalmic, maxillary, mandibular); sensory to face, motor to mastication muscles.
➢ Sensory (anterior 2/3 of the tongue) and motor functions.

Answer 12

Trigeminal (V) - (Mx):

Question 13

➢ Controls the lateral rectus muscle (LR6) for eye movement.

Answer 13

Abducens (VI) – (M):

Question 14

➢ Taste (anterior 2/3 of tongue), facial expression muscles, parasympathetic to lacrimal and salivary glands (except parotid).

Answer 14

Facial (VII) - (Mx, PS):

Question 15

➢ Hearing and balance.

Answer 15

Vestibulocochlear (VIII) - (S):

Question 16

➢ Taste (posterior 1/3 of tongue), motor to pharynx muscles, parasympathetic to the parotid gland.

Answer 16

Glossopharyngeal (IX) - (Mx, PS):

Question 17

➢ Longest nerve; sensory to internal organs, motor to laryngeal and pharyngeal muscles, parasympathetic to smooth muscles in organs.

Answer 17

Vagus (X) - (Mx, PS):

Question 18

➢ Innervates the sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscles.

Answer 18

Accessory (XI) - (M):

Question 19

➢ Controls tongue muscles, excluding the palatoglossus.

Answer 19

Hypoglossal (XII) - (M):

Question 20

Classification of Cranial Nerves

Answer 20

• Sensory Nerves (Afferent): I, II, VIII
• Motor Nerves (Efferent): III, IV, VI, XI, XII
• Mixed Nerves (Sensory & Motor): V, VII, IX, X

Question 21

• The spinal cord gives rise to 31 pairs of spinal nerves that emerge from the vertebral canal through intervertebral foramina. These mixed nerves (sensory and motor) are formed by the union of:
  o Dorsal Root:
  o Ventral Root:

Answer 21

Spinal Nerves

Question 22

Contains sensory neuron fibers.

Answer 22

Dorsal Root:

Question 23

Contains motor neuron fibers.

Answer 23

Ventral Root

Question 24

Spinal Nerve Distribution:
cervical pairs = ?
thoracic pairs =?
lumbar pairs = ?
sacral pairs = ?
coccygeal pair =?

Answer 24

• 8
• 12
• 5
• 5
• 1

Question 25

____________ are networks of nerve fibers from the ventral rami of certain spinal nerves (cervical, lumbar, and sacral). The posterior rami do not form ____________.

Answer 25

Plexuses

Question 26

• Supplies the back and sides of the head and front of the neck.
• Includes the phrenic nerve, which innervates the diaphragm.

Answer 26

Cervical Plexus (C1-C4):

Question 27

➢ Supplies the skin and muscles of the upper limbs.
➢ Major nerves: circumflex, radial, median, ulnar and musculocutaneous.

Answer 27

Brachial Plexus (C5-T1):

Question 28

From L2-L4, supplies medial thigh muscles and
skin.

Answer 28

Obturator Nerve:

Question 29

➢ Divides into anterior (obturator nerve) and posterior (femoral nerve) divisions.

Answer 29

Lumbar Plexus (L1-L4):

Question 30

From L2-L4, supplies anterior thigh muscles and skin.

Answer 30

Femoral Nerve:

Question 31

➢ Supplies the posterior lower extremities.
➢ Includes the sciatic nerve (largest nerve), which divides into:
o Tibial Nerve
o Common Peroneal Nerve

Answer 31

Sacral Plexus (L4-S3):

Question 32

• Do not form plexuses; function independently.
• T1-T11:
• T12:

Answer 32

Thoracic Spinal Nerves

Question 33

Forms the subcostal nerve.

Answer 33

T12

Question 34

Form the intercostal nerves.

Answer 34

T1-T11

Question 35

The ANS controls involuntary bodily functions and has two main divisions:
o Sympathetic Division (Thoracolumbar):
o Parasympathetic Division (Craniosacral):

Answer 35

Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)

Question 36

➢ Originates from the thoracic and first three lumbar segments of the spinal cord.
➢ Activates the “fight or flight” response during stressful or dangerous situations, increasing heart rate, blood flow to muscles, and pupil dilation.

Answer 36

Sympathetic Division (Thoracolumbar):

Question 37

➢ Originates from the third, seventh, ninth, and tenth cranial nerves, and the second to fourth sacral spinal segments.
➢ Controls “rest and digest” functions, promoting relaxation, digestion, slower heart rate, and regulated breathing for recovery and repair.

Answer 37

Parasympathetic Division (Craniosacral):

Question 38

NEVER BACK DOWN NEVER WHAT!!!!!!!!!!!!!??????????????

Answer 38

NEVER GIVE UP!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!