Sources - The Amphitheatre

Question 1

Like sporting events in many ancient cultures, Roman gladiatorial combat originated as a ___________ event, possibly as funerary games to honour the _________

Answer 1

Religious

Dead

Question 2

The Roman historian _________ wrote about the first known gladiatorial games, held in 310BC by the Campanians. The first Roman gladiatorial games were held in 246 BCE by Marcus and Decimus Brutus in honour of their father, as a ‘_________’ or funeral gift for the ________

Answer 2

Livy
Munus
Dead

Question 3

Gladiators were trained at special __________ originally owned by private ___________, but later taken over by ____________ state to prevent the build of a private _______

Answer 3

Schools
Citizens
Imperial
Army

Question 4

Gladiators trained like true ___________ . They received medical attention and 3 ________ a day

Answer 4

Athletes

Meals

Question 5

Gladiator training included learning how to use various weapons, including:

Answer 5

The war chain
Net
Trident
Dagger
Lasso

Question 6

Each gladiator was allowed to fight in the __________ and with the ___________ that best suited him.

Answer 6

Armour

Weapons

Question 7

Gladiators wore armour, though not Roman military armour. Why not?

Answer 7

Because this would send out the wrong political signal

Question 8

Which weapons did Gladiators use rather than that of the Roman military ?

Answer 8

Those of non-Roman people, playing the role of Rome’s enemies

Question 9

What were the 3 different types of gladiator

Answer 9

Thracian
Samnite
Retatius

Question 10

A Thracian - wore an ________ (a leather or metal ______ guard) on both ________, carried on a small square __________.

Answer 10

Ocrea
Leg
Legs
Shield

Question 11

What were 2 features of a Thracian helmet

Answer 11

They wore a full visored helmet with a wide brim

Question 12

A Thracian carried a ___________ Thracian sword with an angled bend in the blade

Answer 12

Curved

Question 13

A Secutor - took his name from the term for ‘____________’ and fought virtually _________ and _________, carrying a large oval or rectangular __________and a sword or a dagger, wearing an ___________ on the left leg, ____________ bands at the elbow and __________ (manicae) and a round or high-___________ helmet

Answer 13

Pursuer
Bald and Naked
Shield
Ocrea
Wrists
High-visored

Question 14

A Retarius symbolised the ______________ and wore only a _________ _________ (subligaculum) and a metal ___________-piece (galerus) on the left arm, and carried a ______ (iaculum), a dagger, and a trident or tunny-fish harpoon (fascina). One variation on the Retarius was the Laquearii who carried a ________ instead of a ________

Answer 14

Fisherman
Loin Cloth
Shoulder
Net
Lassoo
Net

Question 15

Gladiators were _________ each time they fought. If a gladiator survived three to five years of combat they would be __________

Answer 15

Paid

Freed

Question 16

Gladiators fought in ____________, the most famous of which was the ______________ in Rome

Answer 16

Arenas

Colosseum

Question 17

When one of the opponents in a contest was wounded, the crowd would typically shout ‘_________, ______ _________ which translates as ____ ______ _____ ___

Answer 17

Habet, hoc habet

He has had it

Question 18

What would an opponent who thought he was defeated do as a request for mercy

Answer 18

Raise his left hand with one finger extended

Question 19

When an opponent begged for mercy, if the decision was for death, what would that defeated opponent do

Answer 19

Grasp the thigh of his conqueror

Question 20

How would the conqueror slay the loser

Answer 20

By stabbing him in the neck with a sword

Question 21

The dead body would be removed by costumed attendants, one dressed as the ferry man _________, and the other as ___________. ___________ struck the dead body with a hammer and ___________ poked the body with a hot iron disguised as his _________ to assure that the loser was __________

Answer 21

Charon
Mercury
Charon
Mercury
Wand
Dead

Question 22

The winner would receive a symbol of their victory. What could this be?

Answer 22

A golden bowl
A crown
A gold coin
A pal leaf symbolising victory

Question 23

In ancient Rome, gladiators could earn the idolized status of a ________, like many modern athletes

Answer 23

Hero

Question 24

Even though a gladiator’s social status was barely better than a __________, many Roman citizen, knights and even ______________ fought in the gladiatorial arena because of their love of the sport and their desire for adoration

Answer 24

Slave

Emperors

Question 25

The emperor _____________ boasted that he himself had fought in over 1,000 gladiatorial duels

Answer 25

Commudus

Question 26

There is evidence that Roman ___________ especially idolized ______________, sometimes to the dismay of their _____________

Answer 26

Women
Gladiators
Husband

Question 27

Juvenal wrote about __________, a senators wife who is said to have thought so highly of ______________ that she preferred them to her ____________, ___________, ___________ and ____________

Answer 27

Eppia
Gladiators
Children
Sister
Husband
Country

Question 28

Another form of gladiatorial combat involved the ‘__________’ and slaying of ________ _____________ called the _____________, or hunt. These hunts were held in the ____________ before the main duels

Answer 28

Hunting
Wild animals
Venatio
Morning

Question 29

Exotic wild beasts from the far reaches of the __________ __________ were brought to Rome and hunts were held in the morning prior to the afternoon main event of ______________ duels

Answer 29

Roman empire

Gladiatorial

Question 30

During the Venatio:
Special precautions were taken to prevent the animals from _____________ such as the erection of ____________ and digging of ___________

Answer 30

Escaping
Barriers
Ditches

Question 31

Very few animals survived the hunts but sometimes they did defeat the hunter of wild beast (____________) or even __________. Thousands of wild animals would be ______________ in one day. E.g at the games Trajan held when he became emperor, over 9,000 animals were killed

Answer 31

Bestiarius
Escape
Slaughtered

Question 32

Not all the animals were _____________ though most were

Answer 32

Ferocious

Question 33

Which animals appeared in the _____________?

Answer 33

Venatio
Lions
Elephants
Bears
Deer
Wild goats
Dogs
Camels

Question 34

Some animals were ferocious were trained and did what instead of fight?

Answer 34

Performed tricks

Question 35

Those who did battle with the animals, the bestiarii, were usually ______________ and would have to fight the animals without __________ and __________. These were the ___________ class of participants in the games

Answer 35

Criminals
Weapons and armour
Lowest

Question 36

Following the venatio (beast hunts) in the order of daily events were the ‘______________’

Answer 36

Humiliores

Question 37

What were the humiliores

Answer 37

The execution of Roman citizens of lower status

Question 38

Usual forms of execution included what?

Answer 38

Burning at the stake
Crucifixion
Ad bestias

Question 39

What was Ad Bestias

Answer 39

When the prisoner was left alone in the ring with one or more wild animals

Question 40

What did most respectable men and women do during the humiliores

Answer 40

They would go for lunch rather than staying to watch