Sources - Occupations And Military

Question 1

A small number of men who lived off an ancestral inheritance or their own careful investments would not need to work for a living. These man were known as ___________

Answer 1

Patricians

Question 2

__________ dominated the unpaid positions in government treating those of lower rank as too _____________ positions of such high rank

Answer 2

Patricians

Incompetent

Question 3

One way in which patricians gained wealth was through _____________. The wealthy landowner would earn profit from what his workers produced

Answer 3

Agriculture

Question 4

The quality of living in Ancient Rome did not only consist of the extremes. There were many who occupied the financial middle ground. What sort of jobs would these people have

Answer 4

Tradesmen
Craftsmen
Architects
Sculptors
Doctors
Clothing and jewellery designers
Slave deelers 
Breeders of fine horses
Shrews businessmen

Question 5

What were the 4 classes in the Roman empire

Answer 5

The upper class (patricians)
The middle class
The working class (plebians)
Slaves and freedmen

Question 6

The working class were also known as ___________

Answer 6

Plebians

Question 7

The majority of the Roman population were ____________ who occupied the positions of menial labour

Answer 7

Plebians

Question 8

What was the main problem for plebians

Answer 8

It was difficult for a free man to hold a job when a slave could do the same job for free

Question 9

What is ironic about how slaves were treated

Answer 9

It was often better than plebians

Question 10

Why were slaves often treated fairly well

Answer 10

Because it was in the best interest of the owner feed their slave well and keep them healthy because slaves were worth a lot of money.

Question 11

Some slaves were even taught how to do skilled work such as _________, ____________ and farm administration. Why did their owners do this

Answer 11

It saved them from having to pay a skilled worker

Question 12

What was the hierarchy on a farm

Answer 12

Landowner (patrician)
Farm manager (middle class)
Foreman/supervisor (Skilled slave/middle class)
Skilled workers/accounters (Skilled slave/middle class)
Labourer (plebian or slave)

Question 13

Farm hierarchy:
Landowner (_________)
Farm manager (________ class)
Foreman/supervisor (Skilled slave/middle class)
Skilled workers/accounters (Skilled slave/middle class)
Labourer (_________ or slave)

Answer 13

Patrician
Middle
Plebian

Question 14

Who was cicero

Answer 14

Born into a wealthy middle class family and was well educated and became one of the most succesful lawyers in Rome - eventually became consul

Question 15

Why should we be cautious when reading Cicero’s views and opinions on occupations and work?

Answer 15

He was very wealthy - he wouldn’t know too much on the poor.

He would have written things which suited himself

Question 16

Jobs requiring education -either middle class citizens or trained slaves:

Answer 16

Teacher
Doctor
Architect
Soldier

Question 17

Unskilled jobs - carried out by plebians and slaves:

Answer 17

Baker
Fishmonger
Farm kabourer
Mill worker
Gladiator

Question 18

How was the Roman army arranged:
5000 legionaries (Romans) would form a \_\_\_\_\_\_\_
A legion would be split into \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ (80 men) controlled by a \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
The centuries would be split into smaller groups with different \_\_\_\_\_\_ to perform

Answer 18

Legion
Centuries
Centurion
Jobs

Question 19

How was the Roman army arranged

Answer 19

5000 legionaries (Romans) would form a legion
A legion would be split into centuries (80 men) controlled by a centurion
The centuries would be split into smaller groups with different jobs to perform

Question 20

Roman soldiers had to be tough - they were expected to march up to _____ miles a day wearing all their armour and carrying their food and tents

Answer 20

20

Question 21

Roman soldiers were trained to fight well and defend themselves. If the enemy shot arrows at them they would use their shields to surround their bodies and protect themselves. What was this known as

Answer 21

The Turtle

Question 22

What did Romans fight with

Answer 22

Short swords
Daggers for stabbing
A long spear for throwing
Shield and armour for protection

Question 23

How were Romans recruited for the army

Answer 23

They were interviewed

Question 24

What did all Romans have to have to join the army

Answer 24

Big arms
Long fingers
Powerful shoulders

Question 25

How did training work in the Roman army

Answer 25

They had to swear a military oath
The training was physically hard
They had to march 20 miles a day with heavy armour
They had to be good at jumping, running and swimming
They had to be able to:
throw a javelin
Build a camp
March
Make ramparts
Build catapults

Question 26

What weapons would a Roman soldier have

Answer 26

A javelin (pilon) - a wooden shaft 1.5 meters (they fought with a stabbing technique rather than a slashing one)

Question 27

How were legionaries payed

Answer 27

Always the same during war and peace - 200 denerii

They would get a lot of money when they retired

Question 28

What was an optio

Answer 28

Second in command - double pay of a legionary but had to wait until the centurion dies to get promotion

Question 29

What was a signifier

Answer 29

A standard bearer

Question 30

What was a primuspilus

Answer 30

The most important centurion - much older

Question 31

What was a legatus

Answer 31

Commander - lived in luxurious house. It’s a job you couldn’t work your way up to.

Question 32

What was a tribune

Answer 32

Above a centurion but below legatus

Question 33

How do we get evidence about the Roman army and their soldiers

Answer 33

Inscriptions especially the military tombstones

Question 34

D M stands for ______ __________ which translates as:

Answer 34

Dis Manibus

To the spirits of the departed

Question 35

Romans always had ___ names

Answer 35

3

Question 36

H S E stands for _____ _______ _____ which translates as:

Answer 36

Hic status est

Heirs put up this tomb

Question 37

Advantages of being in the Roman army

Answer 37

Good pay (paid during peacetime)
Good status
Physically healthy
Guaranteed job for 25 years
Good retirement

Question 38

Disadvantages of being in the Roman army

Answer 38

Hard training
Tiring
Death
Duties