Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

human conditions > soft tissue injuries > Flashcards

soft tissue injuries Flashcards

1
Q

what does soft tissue refer to?

A

musculoskeletal tissue other than bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

soft tissue injuries include

A

muscle, blood vessels, ligaments, tendons, cartilage, skin, etc

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

tendons attach

A

muscle to bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

ligaments attach

A

bone to bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

another name for bruises

A

contusion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

muscle injury caused by impact of blunt object of force

A

contusion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

damage to contusions lie

A

closest to the bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

bleeding without breaking skin

A

contusion (bruise)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

contusion symptoms

A

history of blunt trauma, weakness and/or pain to muscle group
tightness/swelling to muscle
inability to fully flex the joint (e.g. limited knee flexion for quadr injury)
palpable hematoma (solid swelling of clotted blood within the tissue) in muscle tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

contusion muscle damage can be either

A

minor- involving only swelling on a cellular level

major- involving rupture of the capillaries and leading to heavy bleeding

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Contusions: ROM of affected limb

A

mild - affected joint flexion ROM >90 degrees
moderate – 45-90 degrees
severe <45 degrees

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Treatment of contusions

A

apply ice to the injured area immediately

after injury, and place the muscle on a light stretch (90˚) for 20 minutes

Repeat the “ice-on-stretch” 1–2 times every
2 hours for the first 48–72 hours

Compression wrap, rest extremity for 3 days

Begin muscle stretching 2-3 times per day, 3-7 days after injury, start light activity, increasing activity each day if no pain, ice area after activity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what are strains?

A

injury to muscle or tendon, or muscle- tendon unit

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

another name for strains

A

pulled muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

strains are caused by

A

Caused by pulling or twisting injury, overuse/overstressed from heaving lifting or exertion, or by sudden stretch of a contracting muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

strain symptoms

A

pain, muscle spasms, muscle weakness, stiffness, swelling & local tenderness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

strain prevention

A

proper stretching, warm up (sports, physical work/activity), avoid over exertion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

treatment of strain

A

RICE

Rest and protect the injured area. May also requiretemporary immobilization with splints, etc.

Ice injury for 20 minutes at a time, 3 to 8 times a day for first 3 days

Compression of injured area using elastic bandages

Elevate. Rest injured extremity above heart, to controlor reduce swelling

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Preventing muscle strains

A

Strength Training
Weaker muscles more susceptible to muscle strain than stronger ones. Strength training may help make muscles more resistant to strains

Warm-Up
Warming up prior to a workout will prepare muscles for strenuous activity. Warming up may include a brisk walk, slow jogging, and/or light calisthenics

Stretch
Do slow, deliberate stretch for each muscle group to reduce muscle tension, improve range of motion, promote circulation, improve flexibility

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

sprains

A

joint ligament and capsule

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

sprains caused by

A

excessive move of the joint, resulting in torn or stretched ligaments

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

symtoms of sprains

A

pain, rapid swelling, tenderness,

discoloration, limited joint movement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Grade III sprains result in

A

joint instability

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Treatment for sprains

A

Home treatment: RICE protocol

Medications Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID; i.e. aspirin and ibuprofen)

Ambulatory aids for lower extremity (crutches)

Immobilization: brace support, cast boots, air braces, short cast, etc.

Surgical repair may be necessary

Physical therapy if prescribed, may include
early ROM, strengthening, balance training (for ankle injuries), agility exercises, etc.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Preventing sprains

A

Maintain good muscle strength, balance, and flexibility
Warm up thoroughly before exercise and physical activity
Pay careful attention when walking, running, or working on uneven surface
Wear proper shoes made for your activity
Slow down or stop & rest when you feel pain or fatigue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

elbow injuries

A

olecranon fracture & ORIF repair, susceptible to injury

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

treatment of elbow injuries is usually

A

splint or surgery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

elbow fracture with ORIF protocol

A

Removable cast for 3-6 weeks, depending on fracture and repair
ROM starting in the 1st week
CPM (continuous passive motion unit)
Progressive strengthening program
Precautions: no lifting or carrying with involved arm or driving until healed (6 weeks)
Progressive lifting and carrying after 6 weeks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

ORIF

A

Open reduction internal fixation (ORIF) is a surgery to fix severely broken bones. It’s only used for serious fractures that can’t be treated with a cast or splint

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

elbow lateral epicondylitis “tennis elbow”

A

Overuse or cumulative trauma, wear & tear, but can occur without injury

ages 30-50

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

elbow lateral epicondylitis “tennis elbow” affects what tendon?

A

extensor carpi radialis brevis tendon (inflammation and pain)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

symptoms of elbow lateral epicondylitis “tennis elbow”

A

Pain to lat. epicondyle area when gripping, weak grip

Worse with hand and forearm activity, and gripping

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

treatment of tennis elbow

A

Non surgical treatment: rest, ice, NSAID, modalities, brace, exercises, steroid injections

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

wrist injuries: what’s interesting ab scaphoid bone?

A

retrograde blood supply

70-80% of blood supply comes from the dorsal carpal
branch of the radial artery
only 20-30% of the total supply come from the palmar and superficial palmar branches (radial artery), and does not reach the proximal pole

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

scaphoid fracture

A

Blood flow characteristics presents a problem with a scaphoid fracture
With a disruption of blood flow, healing can be slow, and/or may not heal at all
scaphoid bone is unique - it is a proximal row carpal bone that crosses into the distal row, serving as a type of link between the rows
important in maintaining normal biomechanics of the wrist

Extensor pollicis longus and brevis tendons border of snuff box!

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

signs of scaphoid fracture

A

Presents with deep, dull pain in the radial side of the wrist that usually worsens with gripping or squeezing
Swelling is typically present and bruising is often visible, but swelling is not always noted
Most suggestive sign is tenderness to palpation of the anatomical snuffbox

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

scaphoid fracture treatment

A

Non-surgical
Thumb-spica cast immobilization even with no x-ray evidence but with clinical signs
Surgery
open or closed reduction,
internal fixation
With or without surgery,
may be in a cast for months, depending on healing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

potential complications of scaphoid fracture: non-union

A

abnormal motion and collapse of the bone fragments may lead to wrist mal-alignment

if bone fails to heal, surgery to apply a bone graft may be indicated

39
Q

potential complications of scaphoid fracture: avascular necrosis

A

proximal 2/3 of the scaphoid is most vulnerable

most effectively treated with bone graft

40
Q

potential complications of scaphoid fracture: arthritis

A

may be caused by nonunion and avascular necrosis of the scaphoid
resulting in aching in the wrist, decreased range of motion in the wrist, pain with lifting or gripping wrist fusion may be required

41
Q

periunate dislocation

A

disruption of lunate and capitate

42
Q

lunate dislocation

A

separation of lunate from capitate and radius

43
Q

lunate or perilunate dislocation treatment

A 
Closed reduction
Preliminary to surgical
treatment to:
restore carpal alignment,
improves the patient’s
comfort and
facilitates surgical repair

Open reduction, internal fixation (ORIF) with k- wires

44
Q

most shoulder dislocations are

A

anterior shoulder dislocations (95%)

45
Q

shoulder dislocations are usually the result of

A

a traumatic injury (forced out of the socket, as a result of a sudden injury or overuse) (displaced joint)

46
Q

shoulder dislocations

A

May involve injury to nerve and blood vessels, medical examination includes ruling these out
May need an x-ray for diagnosis and to determine extent of injury

47
Q

shoulder dislocations may have what tear and injury?

A

May have labrum tear, and associated rotator cuff injury

48
Q

medical treatment for shoulder dislocation

A

shoulder joint reduction

Sling or shoulder immobilizer

49
Q

shoulder dislocations are prone to

A

May be prone to recurrence or subluxation injury

50
Q

shoulder anatomy joints

A 
Glenohumeral joint (ball and socket joint)
Acromioclavicular joint
Scapulothoracic (ST) joint
- not a true anatomic joint
- has none of the usual joint characteristics (joint union by fibrous, cartilaginous, or synovial  tissues)

Sternoclavicular joint is also involved in articulation
of the ST joint

51
Q

what is the most moveable joints in body?

A

shoulder

52
Q

greater range of motion (like in shoulder) causes

A

instablity

53
Q

injuries that can happen to shoulder

A

complete dislocation & partial dislocation (subluxation)

54
Q

when do dislocations reoccur?

A

Once the ligaments, tendons, and muscles around the shoulder become loose or torn from repeated injury

55
Q

what is chronic shoulder instability?

A

the persistent inability of these tissues to keep the arm centered in the shoulder socket

56
Q

what is also called shoulder “impingement syndrome?”

A

shoulder bursitis/rotator cuff tendonitis

57
Q

shoulder bursitis/rotator cuff tendonitis happens when??

A

Occurs when the bursa and rotator cuff tendons are inflamed (inflammation usually involves both)
Often the result of injury that set off the inflammation

58
Q

shoulder bursitis/rotator cuff tendonitis symptoms

A

shoulder pain with overhead activities, at the lateral/superior aspect, catching/grating when arm is raised or rotated

59
Q

shoulder bursitis/rotator cuff tendonitis risk factors

A

prior shoulder injury, age (over 50), bone spurs from wear & tear

60
Q

impingement syndrome treatment

A

Conservative treatment aims to reduce the swelling, relieve pain and rest the joint

61
Q

impingement syndrome symptoms

A

may slowly recede over a period of weeks, however, it may take several months to fully recover

62
Q

impingement syndrome treatment

A

NSAID treatment: over the counter
Avoid overhead activities that causes pain
Do exercises to maintain or increase shoulder ROM
Cortisone injections
Surgery (subacromial decompression, remove bone spurs, etc.)

63
Q

rotator cuff tear is due to?

A

Result of injury, chronic tendinopathy, or a combination of both

If a tear is suspected, ultrasound or MRI is usually recommended to confirm the tear

64
Q

what is recommened to confirm a rotator cuff tear?

A

ultrasound or MRI

65
Q

small rotator cuff repairs are treated w

A

eat, ice, stretching, and strengthening exercises
Precautions (see next slide)
ROM exercises important to prevent impingement syndromes, frozen shoulder (adhesive capsulitis)

66
Q

what is not recommended for rotator cuff repairs?

A

Arm sling is not recommended because this may lead to a frozen shoulder

67
Q

Rules to decrease shoulder strain

A

Lift objects close to the body

Only lift light weights and limit lifting to below shoulder level
Do sidestroke or breaststroke when swimming
Throw balls underhand or sidearm

Avoid pushing exercises at the gym (eg, pushups, bench press, flys, shoulder press)
Avoid prolonged or repetitive overhead work

Maintain good posture with writing, assembly work, and other tasks by keeping the shoulder blades down and back

68
Q

DeQuervain’s tenosynovitis

A

swelling of tendons on thumb side of wrist caused by repetitive motion

(extensor retinaculum ligament, extensor pollicis brevis, abductor pollicis longus)

69
Q

duputrens disease is abnormal thickening of what?

A

of the fascia tissue in the palm, can extend to the fingers

70
Q

duputrens disease is characterized by

A

firm pits, nodules, and cords that may pull the fingers into flexion at the MP joints (called Dupuytrens contracture),

not usually painful

71
Q

duputrens disease involves both the

A

tendons and the skin

72
Q

duputrens disease etiology

A

unknown, European men over 40

73
Q

Depuytrens Contracture Treatment

A

Collagenase
- injected into the Dupuytren’s tissue, weakening it so that the finger can be manipulated manually to make it straighter

Needle aponeurotomy - a needle is placed through the skin and used to cut the Dupuytren’s tissue

Skin grafts are sometimes required to cover open areas in the fingers if the skin is deficient

Followed by splinting and hand therapy to maximize and maintain the improvement in finger position and function

74
Q

Boutonniere deformity (injury) is caused by

A

foreful blow to bent finger (jammed)

75
Q

what is ruptured in Boutonniere deformity ?

A

central slip that causes extrinsic extension of extensor digitorum communis (EDC) to be lost

76
Q

Boutonniere deformity prevents extension at what joint?

A

PIP!

77
Q

Boutonniere deformity: weakenening of the triangular ligament causes intrinsic hand muscles (lumbricals) to act as flexors at what joint?

A

PIP

78
Q

Boutonniere deformity: lumbricals can extend what

A

extend the DIP, without an opposing or balancing force

79
Q

Boutonniere deformity: what causes lumbricals to pull and become unopposed (PIP flexion and DIP extension)

A

palmar migration of collateral bands and lateral bands causes lumbricals pull to become unopposed, causing PIP flexion and DIP extension

80
Q

Boutonniere deformity treatment

A

nonsurgical
Splinting PIP in extension,
Allowing MP and DIP flexion
Prescribed ROM exercises

Surgical options:
Tendon repair
Correct displaced bone fragment
Soft tissue reconstruction and rebalancing extensor hood
(not often successful, high risk of failure)
Joint fixation fusion (last option)

81
Q

Skier’s (snow) or gamekeeper’s thumb is injury to what ligament

A

Injury to the ulnar collateral ligament of the thumb MP joint

82
Q

UCL thumb MP joint injury DX and TX

A

History of injury, X-ray to determine if this represents strictly a ligament injury or if a piece of bone has pulled off with the ligament, as this difference guides treatment

Ice to reduce swelling

NSAID to reduce pain

Splint or cast for immobilization

Torn ulnar collateral ligament (UCL) or bone fragment avulsion may require surgical repair, followed by cast or splint immobilization for up to 6 weeks

83
Q

bone fractures may be either

A

simple, aligned and stable OR unstable where bone shifts

84
Q

communited fractures

A

(bone is shattered into many pieces) usually occur from a high energy force and are often unstable

85
Q

open (compound) fracture

A

occurs when a bone fragment breaks through the ski.

There is some risk of infection with compound fractures

86
Q

closed fracture also called

A

simple fracture

87
Q

open fracture also called

A

compound fracture

88
Q

transverse fracture

A

cut horizontal

89
Q

greenstick fracture

A

common in children w bendable bones

90
Q

purpose of splint or cast for fractures

A

can treat a fracture that has not been displaced, or to protect a fracture that has been set

91
Q

closed reduction and internal fixation (CRIF) are for

A

Some displaced fractures may need to be set and then held in place with wires or pins (without incision)

92
Q

internal fixation or open reduction internal fixation, ORIF are for

A

fractures may need surgery to set the bone (open reduction) and held together with pins, plates, or screws

93
Q

fractures involve what surface?

A

Fractures involving joint surface (articular fractures) and usually need to be set more precisely to restore the joint surface as smooth as possible. If it cannot be repaired, then a bone graft may be necessary

human conditions (28 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions