cardio Flashcards
Type of heart disease that develops when the arteries of the heart cannot deliver enough oxygen-rich blood to the heart
Coronary Heart Disease
Refers to variety of conditions that affect the heart’s structure and function
It is the leading cause of death in the United States
Heart Disease
1 cause of death in men & women in the U.S.
Heart Disease Statistics
Types of Heart disease
Coronary Artery Disease (Heart Disease) Heart Attack (Myocardial infarction) Arrhythmia (Irregular heartbeat) Sudden Cardiac Arrests Heart Valve Disease Heart failure (Congestive Heart Failure)
General symptoms of heart disease:
More specific symptoms are listed for the specific heart condition
In general, common symptoms include:
- Chest pain = Angina
- Breathlessness
- Heart palpitations
Symptoms specific to Heart Attack
- Similar to angina, but more severe or occur during rest
- Can resemble indigestion, heartburn, and a stomach ache
- Heavy feeling in the chest
Chest pain or discomfort that occurs if an area of your heart muscle doesn’t get enough oxygen-rich blood
May feel like pressure or squeezing in your chest
Pain also can occur in your shoulders, arms, neck, jaw, or back, may even feel like indigestion
angina
angina types
Types Stable Unstable Variant Microvascular
is a symptom of an underlying heart problem
may be a major warning sign
usually of coronary heart disease, but not a disease itself
angina
Most common type of angina
Occurs when the heart is working harder than usual
Has a regular pattern (referring to how often and severity)
stable angina
Doesn’t follow a pattern
May occur more often and be more severe than stable angina
Can occur with or without physical exertion, often when sleeping or resting, comes as a surprise
Rest or medicine may not relieve the pain
Very dangerous and requires emergency treatment
Is a sign that a heart attack may happen soon
unstable angina
rare and can be severe
spasm in a coronary artery causes this type of angina
usually occurs while sleeping at night
Medicine can relieve this type of angina
variant angina (Printzmetal’s)
can be more severe and last longer than other types
Medicine may not relieve this type of angina
microvascular angina
Often referred to as heart disease
Coronary Blood Supply
Coronary arteries supply the heart muscle with nutrients and oxygen by circulating blood.
Coronary arteries can become diseased or damaged
Damage may be related to atherosclerosis
hardening of the arteries
plaque builds up inside the arteries
May cause heart attacks, ischemic strokes, heart failures, arrhythmias, heart valve problems
coronary artery disease
Damage to the heart muscle
Due to lack of blood to the heart
Often occur as a result of coronary heart disease
Plaque can rupture, causing a blood clot to form
Large enough clot can completely block coronary artery
If not treated quickly, affected portion of heart muscle begins to die, and healthy heart tissue is replaced with scar tissue
heart attack (mechanical!)
Heart Attack Symptom Progression
Heart attacks can start slowly
Symptoms can be mild, or more intense and sudden
Symptoms may also come and go over several hours
Heart Attack Symptom: Men & Women
The most common symptom in both men and women, is chest pain or discomfort (angina)
In the center or left side of the chest
1/3rd who had heart attacks did not experience chest pain
these are more likely to be older, female, or diabetic
Upper body discomfort: one or both arms, back, shoulder, neck, jaw or upper part of stomach (above the belly button)
Shortness of breath
Breaking out in a cold sweat
Feeling unusually tired for no reason, sometimes for days
Nausea and vomiting
Light-headedness or sudden dizziness
***Women may likely have shortness of breath, nausea and vomiting, unusual tiredness, and pain
Other Heart Attack Symptoms
Upper body discomfort
Pain or discomfort in one or both arms, back, shoulder, neck, jaw or upper part of stomach (above the belly button)
Shortness of breath
Breaking out in a cold sweat
Feeling unusually tired for no reason, sometimes for days
Nausea and vomiting
Light-headedness or sudden dizziness
Chest pain or discomfort (angina) that doesn’t go away or changes from its usual pattern