birth injuries

Question 1

birth-related brachial plexus injury symptoms

Answer 1

no movement in the upper or lower arm or hand
Absent Moro reflex on the affected side
Arm flexed (bent) at elbow and held against body (Erb’s Palsy)
Decreased grip on the affected side

Question 2

Erb-Duchenne (Erb’s) Palsy or “Brachial Plexus Birth Palsy”

Answer 2

90% of cases
Upper brachial plexus injury
Injury to C5 and C6
Unable to abduct shoulder, externally rotate arm, or supinate forearm
Waiter’s tip posture

Question 3

Bilateral Brachial Plexus Injury

Answer 3

10-20% of cases

Occurs in breech births

Question 4

Total Plexus Injury

Answer 4

10% of cases
Injury to C5-T1
Flaccid arm with absent reflexes

Question 5

Klumpe’s Palsy

Answer 5

1% of cases
Lower brachial plexus injury
Injury to C8-T1
Unable to grasp or flex wrist
Claw Hand

Question 6

4 month old infant is diagnosed with Klumpke Palsy and presents with a claw hand. Which of the following nerves is more severely affected?

Answer 6

median and ulnar?

Question 7

A condition in which neck muscles contract, causing the head to twist to one side

Answer 7

Torticollis

Question 8

types of torticollis

Answer 8

Congenital

Acquired

Question 9

Rate of Incidence of torticollis

Answer 9

16% of newborns

More with plagiocephaly may be underreported

Question 10

when might the congential tortillois happen?

Answer 10

Position in the womb or in infancy
Breech delivery

Abnormal developmental of the sternocleidomastoid (SCM)

Trauma or injury of the SCM
Stretching or pulling of SCM during delivery
Development of scar tissue

Question 11

when might acquired tortillois happen?

Answer 11

Congenital abnormalities of the cervical spine
Tumor growth
Causing neurological/muscular impairment
Arthritic attack on neck vertebrae
Gastroesophageal reflux
Blood vessel or lymphatic system disorder
Infections
Spinal cord, neck, head, jaws, mouth, and/or scalp

Question 12

a condition characterized by an asymmetrical distortion (flattening of one side) of the skull. It is characterized by a flat spot on the back or one side of the head caused by remaining in a supine position for too long

Answer 12

plagiocephaly

Question 13

types of plagiocephaly

Answer 13

Occipital
Parietal
Temporal

Question 14

Causes/Risk Factors plagiocephaly

Answer 14

Position in womb
Prematurity
Positioning in carriers and convenience devices
Back sleeping