Sociology: Theories and Institutions Flashcards
Functionalism
Focuses on the function of each part of society
Manifest
Latent
Manifest Functions
Deliberate actions that serve to help a given system
Latent functions
Unexpected, unintended, or unrecognized positive consequences of manifest actions
Conflict Theory
Based on the works of Karl Marx. Conflict theory focuses on how power differentials are created and contribute to maintaining social order. It explains how groups compete for resources to attain power or superiority.
Conflict sociology
The study of the way that distinct groups compete for resources
Symbolic Interactionsim
The study of the ways individuals interact through a shared understanding of words, gestures, and other symbols.
The “meaning” of social symbols
Micro Sociology
The study of expressions, symbolic gestures, and other small, individual components of society
Social Constructionism
Explores the ways in which individuals and groups make decisions to agree upon a given social reality. The “value” they place on certain social constructs.
Social constructionism focuses on altering that constructed view.
Rational Choice Theory
States that individuals will make decisions that maximize benefit and minimize harm.
Expectancy theory applies rational choice theory within groups.
Feminist Theory
Explore the ways in which one gender can be subordinated
Social Institutions
Well-established social structures that dictate certain patterns of behavior or relationships
4 Tenets of Medicine
- Beneficence
- Non-maleficence
- Respect for autonomy
- Justice
