Learning

Question 1

Habituation

Answer 1

becoming used to a stimulus

Question 2

Dishabituation

Answer 2

when a 2nd stimulus intervenes causing a re-sensitization of the original stimulus

Question 3

Associative learning

Answer 3

pairing together
stimuli /
responses or behaviors / consequences

Question 4

Operant conditioning

Answer 4

behavior is changed through the use of consequences

Reinforcement
Punishment
Schedule
Positive response
Negative response

Question 5

Reinforcement

Answer 5

increases the likelihood of behavior

Question 6

punishment

Answer 6

decreases the likelihood of behavior

Question 7

Schedule

Answer 7

the schedule of reinforcement can be based on the amount of time or a ratio of behavior/reward

can be fixed or variable

Question 8

Positive response

Answer 8

adding something

Question 9

Negative response

Answer 9

removing something

Question 10

Extinction

Answer 10

According to operant conditioning, when a previously reinforced behavior is no longer reinforced, it goes extinct

Question 11

Shaping

Answer 11

in operant conditioning, shaping is when behavior closer and closer to the target behavior is reinforced

Question 12

Classical conditioning

Answer 12

with repetition, a neutral stimulus becomes a conditioned stimulus that produces a conditioned response

Question 13

Classical vs. operant conditioning

Answer 13

Operant (instrumental): Experimenter arranges a relationship between a stimulus (the reinforcer) and a response
Bar press => food
Rat: It’s time for food, I should press the lever

Classical (Pavlovian): experimenter arranges a relationship between two stimuli (conditioned and unconditioned)
bell => food
Dog: There goes the bell. It’s time for food.

Question 14

Observational Learning or Modeling

Answer 14

the acquisition of behavior by watching others