Sociocultural & Ethnic Factors in the Assessment of Abnormal Behaviour Flashcards
Assessment may be reliable and valid in one culture but…
Not another.
Interviewers may not be sensitive to the problems that arise when a client is not addressed…
In their mother tongue.
What are the three types of reliability?
- Internal consistency.
- Temporal stability.
- Inter-rater reliability.
What are the three types of validity?
- Content validity.
- Criterion validity.
- Construct validity.
What is internal consistency? Give an example.
Say that you like sweet things. By internal consistency, if you like candy, then you must like donuts as well.
What is temporal stability?
The interviewee is consistent over time.
What is inter-rater reliability?
The results of the interview are the same no matter who conducts it.
What is predictive validity?
Based on the ability of the diagnostic system to predict the course of the disorder is likely to follow or its response to treatment.
What are the three interview formats?
- Structured.
- Semi-structured.
- Unstructured.
What is the difference between a structured and unstructured interview?
Structured interviews occur when there is a set of questions that the interviewer asks, while unstructured interviews occur when the interviewer does not lead the conversation.
Is the following a closed ended or open ended question: Have you attempted suicide?
Closed ended.
Is the following a closed ended of open ended question? What makes you happy?
Open ended.
What are the 5 P’s of Method of Assessment?
Presenting issues, precipitating factors, perpetuating factors, predisposing factors, and protective factors.
What are presenting issues?
What cause the problems.
What are precipitating factors?
What triggers the problem.
What are perpetuating factors?
What keeps the problem going?
What are predisposing factors?
What led to the problems starting?
What are protective factors?
What are the person’s strengths?
What is IQ a ratio of?
Mental age and chronological age.
The IQ test was designed by and used for ___ countries.
Western.
/what is an example of a self report test?
The MMPI.
What does MMPI stand for?
Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory.
What are some things that the MMPI measures?
Openness, patterns of behaviour, and introvertedness.
What are two examples of projective tests?
Rorschach Inkblot Test and Thematic Apperception Test (TAT).
What is the difference between a Rorschach Inkblot Test and a TAT?
The Rorschach Inkblot Test gives a set of ambiguous stimuli in order to get the client to project, and does not give a scenario. The TAT gives a scenario upon the client must then project.
Neuropsychological Assessment is used to evaluate…
Whether or not psychological problems reflect underlying neurological damage or brain defects.
What are two examples of Neuropsychological assesssment tests?
The Halstead-Reitan Neuropsychological Battery and the Lurra Nebraska Test.
Behavioural Assessment focuses on the objective ___ and/or ___ of behaviour.
Recording, description.
Cognitive Assessment involvess the assessment of ___, which includes…
Cognitions. Thoughts, beliefs, and attitudes.
What are three methods of Cognitive Assessment?
Thought diaries, cognition checklist, and dysfunctional attitudes scale.
What does GSR stand for and what is it used for?
Galvanic Skin Response. Measures amount of sweat.
What does EEG stand for and what does it measure?
ElectroEncephloGraph. Measures electrical activity in brain.
What does EMG stand for, and what does it measure.
ElectroMyoGraph, measures how tense muscles are.
What does CT scans stand for, what does it record, and is the recording more like a picture or a video?
Computerized Tomography. Records the shape of the brain as a picture.
What does PET scans stand for, what does it record, and does it record it as a picture or a video?
Positron Emission Tomography records the brain over time as a video.
What do you call it when a scan records the brain as a video more than a picture?
Functional.
What does MRI stand for, and does it record as a picture or a video?
Magnetic Resonance Imaging, as a picture.
What does fMRI stand for, and does it record as a picture or a video?
Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging records as a video.
What does BEAM stand for?
Brain Electrical Activity Mapping.
What is the most modern version of the DSM?
V
What does DSM stand for?
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual
DSM V emerges from the work of ___ in the ___ century.
Kraeplin, 19th.
List the 4 important reasons for classification and explain them if necessary.
- Communication.
- Treatment decisions.
- Predict behaviour.
- Identify populations.
Why is classification important as far as communication goes?
Researchers would not be able to communicate with one another without labelling and organizing patterns of abnormal behaviour.
Why is classification important as far as identifying populations go?
Can help identify common factors that explain origins of behaviour.
___ is classified, not people.
Disorder.
What is reliability?
Consistently correct over time, place, etc.
What is validity?
Based on research.
What is predictive validity?
Based on diagnosis, how patient will evolve.
What are four factors considered when evaluating the DSM system?
Reliability, validity, predictive validity, and cultural factors.
With DSM V, the classification of mental illnesses became more ___, rather than ___.
Dimensional, categorical.
DSM V diagnostic criteria are organized in order of the…
Similarity of diagnosis.
What are the 5 factors of the DSM V Dimensional Approach?
- Course.
- Severity.
- Frequency.
- Duration.
- Descriptive features.
Free Association is a ___ Therapy.
Psychodynamic.
Free Association
Sit behind the client and say nothing at all.
Transference
Client projecting emotion onto therapist. Can also work backwards.
What are four methods of Behaviour Therapy explored in class?
- Systematic desensitization.
- Gradual exposure.
- Token economics.
- Modelling.
Both systematic desensitization and gradual exposure attempt to deal with fear or anxiety by exposing a client to the fear/anxiety. What is the difference between them?
Systematic desensitization involves thinking about the fear/anxiety, while gradual exposure involves doing what causes the fear/anxiety.
What is token economics?
Giving tokens out for positive behaviour. The tokens can later be traded in for a reward.
What is modelling?
Demonstrate how to do things.