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Psych 239 > Psychotropic Medication > Flashcards

Psychotropic Medication Flashcards

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1
Q

What are psychotropic medications?

A

Medications that affect neurotransmitters.

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2
Q

Which neurotransmitters do psychotropic meds normally affect?

A

GABA, norepinephrine, dopamine, and serotonin receptors.

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3
Q

What are psychotropic medications most often used to treat?

A

Depression, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, anxiety, and sleep disruptions.

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4
Q

What percentage of Canadians are unsure of whether they would socialize with a friend who had a mental illness?

A

42%

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5
Q

What percentage of Canadians are unlikely to enter a marriage with someone who had a mental illness?

A

55%

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6
Q

In any given year, what proportion of adult Canadians will experience a mental health or addiction problem?

A

1 in 5.

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7
Q

What percentage of the general population has expressed the need for mental health intervention in the last 12 months?

A

10.1%

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8
Q

Are side effects universal?

A

No, everyone experiences them differently.

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9
Q

Most side effects are what?

A

Short lived and treated symptomatically.

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10
Q

What are the 4 main classes of psychotropic medications?

A

Antidepressants, antipsychotics, mood stabilizers, and anxiolytics.

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11
Q

What are two types of anti-depressants?

A

SSRIs and SNRIs.

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12
Q

What does SSRI stand for?

A

Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors.

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13
Q

What does SNRI stand for?

A

Serotonin/norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors.

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14
Q

What are 5 examples of SSRIs?

A

Celexa, Cirpralex, Prozac, Zoloft, Paxil.

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15
Q

What are 3 examples of SNRIs?

A

Effexor, Cymbalta, and Prestiq.

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16
Q

What are SNRIs used for?

A

Often used for depression and anxiety. It treats the general malaise associated with depressive symptoms.

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17
Q

What is one of the most common side effects of SSRIs and SNRIs?

A

Sexual side effects. Both erectile dysfunction and decreased libido.

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18
Q

What are some side effects of SNRIs and SSRIs? (6)

A

Nausea, headache, increased BP, fatigue, sedation, and dizziness.

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19
Q

What are atypical antidepressants?

A

Different mechanisms of action than SNRI/SSRIs; they work on dopamine receptors.

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20
Q

Where are atypical antidepressants most commonly used?

A

Geriatric care.

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21
Q

What are three examples of atypical antidepressants?

A

Wellbutrin, Remeron, and Trazodone.

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22
Q

What is a therapeutic range?

A

The time it takes a drug to take full effect.

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23
Q

What is the therapeutic range of most antidepressants?

A

4-6 weeks.

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24
Q

What happens when the therapeutic range is reached?

A

Other side effects are minimal and manageable.

25
Q

What are the two classes of antipsychotics?

A

Typical (1st generation), and atypical (2nd generation).

26
Q

What are 4 examples of typical antipsychotics?

A

Haldol, Largactil, Nozinan, and Loxapine.

27
Q

What are 4 examples of atypical antipsychotics?

A

Abilify, Clozapine, Seroquel, Risperidone, and Zyprexa.

28
Q

What do most antipsychotics work to do?

A

They affect the brain’s ability to produce and absorb dopamine.

29
Q

What can too much typical antipsychotics cause?

A

Positive symptoms.

30
Q

What can too little typical antipsychotics cause?

A

Negative symptoms.

31
Q

What are “depot” antipsychotics?

A

Long acting drugs used to manage people with severe issues in a community section.

32
Q

How is a depot medication administered?

A

Injected deep into a muscle.

33
Q

How long does a depot injection normally last?

A

1-4 weeks.

34
Q

What advantage do atypical antipsychotics have over typical?

A

They work on both positive and negative symptoms, are easier to take, last longer, increase compliance, and have less side effects.

35
Q

What are the side effects of atypical antipsychotics?

A

Hunger (leads to weight gain), sedation, and increased risk of diabetes.

36
Q

What are mood stabilizers used for?

A

To treat bipolar or manic episodes.

37
Q

What is a popular mood stabilizer?

A

Lithium.

38
Q

How does lithium work?

A

Not fully understood, but it has been used effectively for over 70 years.

39
Q

What is the therapeutic range of lithium?

A

2-4 weeks.

40
Q

What are two main classes of anxiolytics?

A

Benzodiazepines and beta blockers.

41
Q

How do benzodiazepines work?

A

They quickly slow down the central nervous system.

42
Q

What are 4 examples of benzodiazepines? (and their drug names).

A

Ativan (lorazepam), Rivotril (dlonazepam), Valium (diazepam), Xanax (Alprazolam*).

43
Q

How do benzodiazepines affect people?

A

Slower breathing, lowered heart rate, “fight or flight” feeling lessened.

44
Q

What are beta blockers typically used for?

A

Cardiac and blood pressure management.

45
Q

How do beta blockers reduce anxiety?

A

By blocking the effects of norepinephrine.

46
Q

What are beta blockers useful for?

A

Short acting calming drugs for managing social phobias.

47
Q

What are the risks of benzodiazepines?

A

They are highly addictive, build tolerance quickly, and are dangerous when mixed with alcohol.

48
Q

What can result from abruptly stopping benzo use?

A

Seizures.

49
Q

What can result from abruptly stopping antidepressant use?

A

Nausea, headaches, vomiting, diarrhea, achiness.

50
Q

What are the three classes of drug used to treat ADHD?

A

Methylphenidates (stimulant), amphetamines (stimulant), and atomexetine (non-stimulant).

51
Q

What are two examples of methlphenidates?

A

Ritalin (short-acting) and Concerta (long-acting).

52
Q

What are two examples of amphetamines?

A

Dexedrine (short-acting) and Adderall (long-acting).

53
Q

What is an example of atomoxetines?

A

Strattera.

54
Q

Which drug has been approved for bulimia?

A

Prozac.

55
Q

What classes of drugs have been used to treat personality disorders?

A

Antidepressants, antipsychotics, and mood stabilizers.

56
Q

What are some geriatric/paediatric considerations?

A

Less is needed to be effective, side effects can hit harder and faster, and drugs can impair cognitive functioning so close monitoring is required.

57
Q

What is used to treat dementia?

A

Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors.

58
Q

Give 3 examples of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors.

A

Aricept (donepezil), Exelon (rivastigmine), and Reminyl (galatamine).

59
Q

What do acetylcholinesterase inhibitors do?

A

They increase the amount of acetylcholine in the brain.

Psych 239 (16 decks)

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