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Psych 239 > Chapter 1: Defining Abnormal Psychology > Flashcards

Chapter 1: Defining Abnormal Psychology Flashcards

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1
Q

Abnormal Psychology

A

The branch of the science of psychology that addresses the description, causes, and treatment of abnormal behaviour patterns.

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2
Q

One of the questions that we need to ask in abnormal psychology is “Is the behaviour unusual?”. However, ___ can dictate what is usual/unusual.

A

Culture.

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3
Q

In abnormal psychology, we must ask if the behaviour ___ social norms.

A

Violates.

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4
Q

In abnormal psychology, we must ask if the behaviour involves a ___ sense of reality.

A

Faulty.

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5
Q

In abnormal psychology, we must ask if the behaviour causes ___ ___.

A

Personal distress.

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6
Q

In abnormal psychology, we must ask if the behaviour is maladaptive. What does maladaptive mean?

A

Cause interruption to your daily life.

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7
Q

In abnormal psychology, we must ask if the behaviour is dangerous. In what two ways can behaviour be dangerous?

A

Dangerous to self (suicidal) or others (homocidal).

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8
Q

What are the 4 descriptors of abnormality?

A

Deviant, different, disordered, and bizarre.

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9
Q

In terms of abnormal psychology, what is deviant?

A

Different from socially accepted. Violating social norms.

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10
Q

In terms of abnormal psychology, what is different?

A

Statistically different from what others do.

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11
Q

In terms of abnormal psychology, what is disordered?

A

Lacks integration, no unity in self.

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12
Q

In terms of abnormal psychology, what is bizarre?

A

Cannot focus, cannot survive in life.

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13
Q

What are the three main factors that affect our perceptions of what is abnormal?

A
  1. Culture (Aboriginal, Oriental).
  2. Context (Sporting event).
  3. Age.
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14
Q

Name the descriptors of abnormality in the order of least to most severe.

A

Deviant, different, disordered, then bizarre.

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15
Q

Why should we study abnormal psychology?

A

Everyone is affected by abnormal psychology in one way or another.

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16
Q

Psychological disorders

A

Abnormal behaviour patterns that involve a disturbance of psychological functioning or behaviour.

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17
Q

Comorbidity

A

Two or more disorders occurring at once.

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18
Q

What is the most common psychological disorder?

A

Anxiety.

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19
Q

What is the chance of being afflicted by any psychological disorder?

A

46%.

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20
Q

What are reasons that people do not get treatment?

A

Stigma and finances.

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21
Q

What are some risk factors for developing a psychological disorder?

A

Age, education, childhood trauma, current stress, life events, lack of social supports, gender, and physical health.

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22
Q

What method did the demonological model use to allow evil forces to leave the body?

A

Trephening.

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23
Q

What is trephening?

A

Cracking a head opening to let out evil forces.

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24
Q

Where did the Medical Model originate?

A

Hippocrates and the ‘ill humours’.

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25
Q

What did the medical model propose about abnormal behaviour?

A

That it was the result of underlying biological processes.

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26
Q

What was a technique used in the medieval times to expel demons in response to abnormal behaviour?

A

Exorcism.

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27
Q

What took place during an exorcism?

A

Beating, flogging, sprinkling of holy water, holding of cross.

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28
Q

What is the name of the book used to identify ‘witches’?

A

Malleus Maleficarum.

29
Q

Where is there a famous asylum? (hint: UK)

A

Bedlam, London.

30
Q

The Reform Movement was a movement towards ___ ___.

A

Moral therapy.

31
Q

Who were the major proponents of the Reform Movement?

A

Philippe Pinel, William Tuke, and Dorothea Dix.

32
Q

Who brought about the Reform Movement to Canada and the United States?

A

Dorothea Dix.

33
Q

When treatment took a step backwards in Canada, mental institutions moved to ___ ___.

A

Custodial care.

34
Q

The Community Mental Health Movement in Canada resulted in…

A

Deinstitutionalization, pharmacology and phenothiazines, and the Canadian Mental Health Association in 1963.

35
Q

What are the three models for abnormal psychology used today?

A

Medical, psychological, and sociocultural.

36
Q

Emil Kraepelm and dementia praecox are part of the ___ model.

A

Medical.

37
Q

Charcot and hypnosis/hysteria and Freud and the psychodynamic model/catharsis are part of the ___ model.

A

Psychological.

38
Q

Thomas Szasz and the Myth of Mental Illness/Failure of Society are part of the ___ model.

A

Sociocultural.

39
Q

The biological perspective on abnormal behaviour maintains that one can adopt a biologically oriented perspective without using the terminology from the ___ model.

A

Medical.

40
Q

What is acetylcholine used to treat?

A

Dementia.

41
Q

What is dopamine used to treat?

A

Schizophrenia.

42
Q

What is serotonin used to treat?

A

Anxiety and mood.

43
Q

What are the three components of Freud’s psychodynamic model?

A

Id, Ego, and Superego.

44
Q

The Id encompasses the ___ principle and ___ process thinking.

A

Pleasure, primary.

45
Q

The Ego encompasses the ___ principle and ___ process thinking.

A

Reality, secondary.

46
Q

The Superego encompasses ___ principle.

A

Moral.

47
Q

What are the five stages of psychosexual development?

A

Oral, Anal, Phallic, Latency, Genital.

48
Q

What is the Oedipus or Electra complex?

A

Kill your father/mother and marry your mother/father.

49
Q

You start exploring your body during the ___ stage.

A

Latency.

50
Q

What are the 8 defence mechanisms?

A

Repression, regression, displacement, denial, reaction formation, rationalization, projection, and sublimation.

51
Q

Based on Pavlov’s conditioning apparatus, ___ is human nature and ___ is how we train ourselves.

A

Unconditioned, conditioned.

52
Q

Operant conditioning is based on a system of ___ and ___.

A

Reinforcement and reward.

53
Q

Operant conditioning can be conducted in 4 ways: what are they?

A

Positive reinforcement, negative reinforcement, positive punishment, and negative punishment.

54
Q

Who conducted research into the social cognitive theory?

A

Albert Bandura.

55
Q

Albert Bandura’s ___ experiment came to the conclusion that we learn through…

A

Bobo doll, watching others.

56
Q

Carl Rogers is known for his work in the ___ model.

A

Humanistic/existential.

57
Q

The humanistic/existential model uses the idea of ___ ___.

A

Self-actualization.

58
Q

According to Rodgers, what are the three conditions required for change?

A
  1. Unconditional positive regard.
  2. Empathy.
  3. Genuine/congruence.
59
Q

Abraham Maslow came up with…

A

Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs.

60
Q

What is the general idea of Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs?

A

One must satisfy basic needs before moving onto other needs.

61
Q

Albert Ellis pioneered the ___ approach.

A

ABC.

62
Q

Albert Ellis and the ABC approach are part of the ___ ___ ___.

A

Information Processing Approaches.

63
Q

What are Beck’s four cognitive errors?

A
  1. Selective abstraction.
  2. Overgeneralization.
  3. Magnification.
  4. Absolutist thinking
64
Q

Donald Meichenbaum came up with…

A

Cognitive behavioural modification, which is a way to change behaviours, thoughts, and emotions.

65
Q

What is selective abstraction?

A

Focusing exclusively on experiences that reflect their flaws, and ignoring evidence of their competencies.

66
Q

Give an example of a “should” statement.

A

I should be doing better.

67
Q

What is overgeneralization?

A

Over generalizing a few isolated experiences. E.g., thinking they will never marry because they were rejected by a partner.

68
Q

What is magnification?

A

People blowing importance of unfortunate events out of proportion.

69
Q

What is absolutist thinking?

A

Seeing the world in black and white terms rather than in shades of grey.

Psych 239 (16 decks)

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