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Psych 239 > Depression and Suicide > Flashcards

Depression and Suicide Flashcards

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1
Q

What is a mood disorder?

A

A type of disorder characterized by disturbances in mood.

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2
Q

What are some types of mood disorders?

A
  • Mood disorders.
  • Mood episodes.
  • Depressive disorders.
  • Bipolar disorders.
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3
Q

What are mood episodes?

A

Short disturbances in mood.

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4
Q

What does MDD stand for?

A

Major Depressive Disorder.

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5
Q

What is Major Depressive Disorder?

A

Severe mood disorder characterized by the occurrence of major depressive episodes in the absence of a history of manic episodes.

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6
Q

Symptoms of MDD include ___ mood or lack of interest or ___ for a period of 2 weeks.

A

Depressed, pleasure.

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7
Q

Why does MDD often go untreated?

A

There is a false belief that having MDD is a sign of weakness, and that people should be able to just “snap out of it”.

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8
Q

MDD affects __% of Canadians, and is the least/most common type of mood disorder.

A
  1. Most.
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9
Q

Depressed mood, lack of interest or pleasure in usual activities, increased isolation, lack of energy or motivation, changes in appetite or sleep patterns, changes in weight, difficulty concentrating, and suicidal thoughts are all features of ___.

A

MDD.

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10
Q

Changes in mood are normally considered normal. At what point do they start being considered abnormal?

A

Persistent or severe changes in mood or cycles of extreme elation and depression may suggest a mood disorder.

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11
Q

Depressive disorders are most common in which stages of life?

A

Adolescence and early adulthood (15-24).

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12
Q

What are some reasons that depressive disorders are most common in adolescents and young adults?

A

Puberty, life changes, relationships.

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13
Q

___ have a higher prevalence of depressive disorders than ___. However, after 65, the numbers flatten out.

A

Women, men.

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14
Q

What are some risk factors of MDD?

A
  • Being adolescent places you at higher risk.
  • Lower socioeconomic status places you at higher risk.
  • Being unmarried puts you at higher risk.
  • Being a woman makes you 2 times more at risk.
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15
Q

What does SAD stand for?

A

Seasonal Affective Disorder.

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16
Q

What causes SAD?

A

The changing of the season from summer into fall and winter leads to seasonal affective disorder.

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17
Q

What are some features of SAD?

A
  • Fatigue.
  • Excessive sleep.
  • Craving for carbohydrates.
  • Weight gain.
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18
Q

What is used to treat SAD?

A

Phototherapy.

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19
Q

SAD affects ___ more than it affects ___.

A

Women, men.

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20
Q

SAD is more common in younger/older adults?

A

Younger.

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21
Q

Can SAD occur in children?

A

Possibly.

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22
Q

What is postpartum depression?

A

Persistent and severe mood changes that occur following childbirth.

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23
Q

Postpartum depression is often accompanied by…

A
  • Disturbances in sleep and appetite.
  • Low self-esteem.
  • Difficulties maintaining concentration.
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24
Q

Postpartum depression usually remits during the first _ months of childbirth, but could persist for years.

A

3.

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25
Q

What are some risk factors for postpartum depression?

A
  • Financial problems.
  • Troubled marriage.
  • Lack of social/emotional support.
  • History of depression.
  • Unwanted/sick baby.
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26
Q

What is Persistent Depressive Disorder?

A

A milder form of depression, that seems to follow a chronic course of development that often begins in childhood or adolescence.

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27
Q

When depression becomes a fixture of people’s lives, it can be mistaken as part of their ___.

A

Personality.

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28
Q

Is it possible to have more than one type of depression at once?

A

Yes, it is called double depression.

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29
Q

What does PDD stand for?

A

Premenstrual Dystrophic Disorder.

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30
Q

What are some of the reasons that PDD was included in the DSM-V?

A

To have it gain recognition as a legitimate disorder that can be diagnosed. For example, women who miss work can have it diagnosed and they can receive sick pay.

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31
Q

What is PDD?

A

A severe form of PMS characterized by changeable mood, irritability, dysphoria, and anxiety that occurs repeatedly in the final week before menses and remits in the post menses week.

32
Q

What is Bipolar Disorder?

A

A disorder characterized by mood swings between states of extreme elation and severe depression.

33
Q

What was bipolar disorder formerly called?

A

Manic depression.

34
Q

What is a manic episode?

A

Periods of unrealistically heightened euphoria, extreme restlessness, and excessive activity characterized by disorganized behaviour and impaired judgement.

35
Q

What is pressured speech?

A

Occurs during a manic episode, outpouring of speech in which words often surge urgently for expression.

36
Q

What is rapid flight of ideas?

A

Occurs during a manic episode, involves rapid speech and changes of topics.

37
Q

What is Bipolar 1?

A

Having one or more manic episodes.

38
Q

What is Bipolar 2?

A

More depressive.

39
Q

What is Cyclothymic Disorder?

A

A mood disorder characterized by a chronic pattern of mild mood swings between depression and mania that are not of sufficient severity to be classified as bipolar disorder.

40
Q

What are the 6 depression relapse risk factors?

A

Previous episodes, high depression on entry, family history, poor physical health, dissatisfaction in other life roles, clinical depression in childhood.

41
Q

What is the stress theory of depression?

A

When people are stressed and do not have the coping mechanism sot keep their spirits up, they may become depressed.

42
Q

What is the psychodynamic theory of depression?

A

When there is perceived loss, you get angry, the anger turns into rage, you feel guilty about all your rage, and the rage is then turned inwards.

43
Q

What is the humanistic perspective on depression?

A

Depression is caused by being unable to find meaning in life or reach self-actualization.

44
Q

What are the learning theories of depression?

A

Depression leads to isolation, which leads to more depression. This limits your opportunities to be reinforced in positive ways.

45
Q

What is the interactionist theory of depression?

A

If someone is in a relationship with a person who is depressed, then they will eventually begin to respond less positively towards the person.

46
Q

What is the cognitive perspective on depression?

A

People will focus on the negatives and not think about the positives. And that cognitive distortions will perpetuate depression.

47
Q

What is the depression triad?

A

Having a negative view of the self, world, and future.

48
Q

What is the biological perspective for depression?

A

It has underlying biological causes, such as chemical imbalances or genetic factors. It can be treated with antidepressants.

49
Q

What is the psychodynamic approach to treatment? How long does it take to treat?

A

Use of interpersonal therapy: talking about emotions, exploring ambivalent feelings, and catharsis. Takes about a year.

50
Q

What is the behavioural approach to treatment?

A

Taking a Coping with Depression Course, which involves slowly reintegrating yourself into social life.

51
Q

What is the cognitive approach to treatment?

A

Cognitive therapy involving looking at thoughts, thought stopping, reframing thoughts and stopping automatic thinking.

52
Q

What is the biological approach to treatment?

A

Antidepressants, lithium for bipolar, ECT.

53
Q

What percentage of deaths in Canadians between 15-24 is suicide?

A

24%

54
Q

What percentage of men and women have contemplated suicide?

A

10% and 13%

55
Q

What percentage of men and women have attempted suicide?

A

2% and 6%

56
Q

Who is more likely to be successful at suicide? How much more likely? (Men or women?)

A

Men are 4 times more likely.

57
Q

What is the typical suicide attempt profile?

A

Unmarried white female, history of past or recent stressors, unstable childhood, few social supports, no close friend.

58
Q

What is the typical suicide completer profile?

A

Unmarried or divorced white male over the age of 45, lives alone, history of physical pain or emotional disorder, probably abuses alcohol.

59
Q

What are the 7 types of suicide?

A

Realistic, altruistic, inadvertent, spiteful, bizarre, anomic, negative self.

60
Q

What is realistic suicide?

A

When you have an impending death anyways (because of terminal disease)

61
Q

What is altruistic suicide?

A

Self sacrifice (e.g., jumping on a grenade)

62
Q

What is inadvertent suicide?

A

Accidental suicide

63
Q

What is spiteful suicide?

A

Suicide with the intent to hurt someone.

64
Q

What is bizarre suicide?

A

People experiencing hallucinations or delusions.

65
Q

What is anomic suicide?

A

Suicide resulting from loss of strength or social cohesion.

66
Q

What is negative self suicide?

A

Self-hatred, as seen in most depressive cases.

67
Q

What is the psychodynamic reasoning for suicide?

A

People have a death instinct.

68
Q

What is the sociocultural reasoning for suicide?

A

People feel socially isolated.

69
Q

What is the learning theorists’ reasoning for suicide?

A

Because of the reinforcement of prior suicide threats.

70
Q

What is the social cognitive reasoning for suicide?

A

They model themselves after others.

71
Q

What is the biological perspective’s reasoning for suicide?

A

Lack of serotonin.

72
Q

What are certain warning signs of suicide?

A

Hopelessness, giving things away, settling affairs, sudden relief.

73
Q

What are the 6 steps for preventing suicide?

A
  1. Draw the person out
  2. Be sympathetic
  3. Suggest that means other than suicide can be discovered to work out their problems
  4. Inquire as to how the person expects to commit suicide
  5. Propose that the person accompany you to see a professional right now
  6. Don’t degrade the individual (“You’re crazy”)
74
Q

What are the four factors to consider when determining suicide risk?

A

What’s their current plan? Do they have access to means? Have they made previous attempts? How much social support do they have?

75
Q

What is the process for dealing with suicide risk?

A

Ground the subject in the moment, assess where they are, and formulate a plan for them.

Psych 239 (16 decks)

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