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Psych 239 > Sleep-wake Disorders > Flashcards

Sleep-wake Disorders Flashcards

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1
Q

The diagnostic category of sleep-wake disorders represents what?

A

Persistent or recurrent sleep related problems that cause significant personal distress or impaired functioning.

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2
Q

What are the two broad categories of sleep-wake disorders?

A

Dyssomnias and parasomnias.

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3
Q

What are the two newest additions to the DSM-V dyssomnia category?

A

Rapid Eye Movement Sleep Behaviour Disorder and Restless Leg Syndrome.

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4
Q

What is primary insomnia?

A

Having difficulty falling asleep, remaining asleep, or achieving restorative sleep for a period of a month or longer.

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5
Q

What is the most common form of sleep disorder?

A

Insomnia.

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6
Q

How does insomnia differ when it comes to old and young people?

A

Young people take a long time to fall asleep, older people wake up frequently during the night.

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7
Q

What demographic is affected the most by insomnia?

A

Older people.

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8
Q

What factors can increase the chance of insomnia? (7)

A

High levels of life stress, shift work, heavy drinking or cannabis use, obesity, divorce/separation/widowed, being female, lower levels of education and income.

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9
Q

What is hypersomnia?

A

Patterns of excessive sleepiness during the day or difficulty awakening after prolonged sleep periods that continues for a period of a month or longer.

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10
Q

What disorder is hypersomnia often associated with?

A

Depression.

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11
Q

What percentage of the population will experience hypersomnia?

A

0.25%

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12
Q

What can primary hypersomnia not be accounted for by? (4)

A

Inadequate amount of sleep during the night due to insomnia, another psychological or physical disorder, drug or medical use, or other factors such as noises.

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13
Q

What is narcolepsy?

A

Experiencing sleep attacks in which the subject suddenly falls asleep without warning at various times throughout the day.

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14
Q

What is the average length of a narcoleptic sleep attack?

A

15 minutes.

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15
Q

When can a diagnosis of narcolepsy be made?

A

When sleep attacks occur daily for a period of three months or longer and are combined with either cataplexy and/or intrusions of rapid eye movement.

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16
Q

What is cataplexy?

A

Sudden loss of muscular control.

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17
Q

What is the most common breathing related dyssomnia?

A

Sleep apnea.

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18
Q

What is apnea?

A

Repeated episodes of either complete or partial obstruction of breathing during sleep.

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19
Q

What causes apnea’s obstruction?

A

Blockage of airflow in the upper airways, often due to structural defect.

20
Q

How long and how does an apnea sufferer stop breathing?

A

15-90 seconds at at time, up to 30 times per hour.

21
Q

What may happen when apnea lapses in breathing occur?

A

The sleeper may suddenly sit up, gasp for air, take deep breaths, and then fall back asleep without being conscious.

22
Q

What pattern of snoring can be indicative of apnea?

A

Loud snoring alternating with momentary silences.

23
Q

Whom is sleep apnea most common in?

A

Younger men (compared to young women), obese people, drug addicts.

24
Q

What percentage of people will experience sleep apnea?

A

2-4%.

25
Q

At what age does the prevalence of sleep apnea become evenly distributed among genders?

A

Over the age of 50.

26
Q

What is circadian rhythm sleep disorder characterized by?

A

Disruption of sleep due to a mismatch in sleep schedules between the body’s internal sleep-wake cycle and the demands of the environment.

27
Q

How severe must circadian rhythm sleep disorder be in order to be diagnosed?

A

It must cause significant levels of distress or impact one’s functioning.

28
Q

What might treatment for circadian rhythm sleep disorder involve?

A

Gradual adjustments in the sleep schedule to allow for the person’s circadian rhythm to become aligned with changes in the sleep wake cycle.

29
Q

Dyssomnias include which 7 disorders? (including the 2 new additions).

A

Insomnia, hypersomnia, sleep apnea, narcolepsy, circadian rhythm sleep disorder, REM sleep behaviour disorder, restless leg syndrome.

30
Q

Parasomnias include which 3 disorders?

A

Nightmare disorder, sleep terror disorder, and sleepwalking disorder.

31
Q

What does nightmare disorder involve?

A

Recurrent awakening from sleep because of frightening, vivid dreams.

32
Q

What do the nightmares in nightmare disorder typically consist of?

A

Lengthy, story-like dreams that involve threats of imminent danger physical danger to the individual, such as being chased, attacked, or injured.

33
Q

Who typically suffers from sleep terror disorder?

A

Young boys.

34
Q

How do sleep terror attacks generally progress?

A

It begins with a loud scream or cry, the child then may sit up and show signs of extreme arousal, the child may start talking incoherently or thrash about while remaining asleep, and after a few minutes the child will fall back asleep and remember nothing.

35
Q

What section of the night do sleep terror attacks generally occur?

A

The first third of the night.

36
Q

What does sleepwalking disorder involve?

A

Repeated episodes in which the sleeper arises from bed and walks around while remaining fully asleep.

37
Q

Is it harmful to awaken sleepwalkers?

A

Not at all.

38
Q

What are 9 consequences of sleepiness?

A
  • Causes accidents and injuries
  • Dumbs you down
  • Sleep deprivation can lead to serious health problems
  • Kills sex drive
  • Depressing
  • Ages your skin
  • Makes you forgetful
  • Makes you gain weight
  • Impairs judgement
39
Q

What are anxiolytics?

A

Sleeping pills.

40
Q

What are examples of anxiolytics?

A

Sedatives or benzodiazepines and anaesthetics.

41
Q

What proportion of people will use sleeping pills in their lives?

A

1 in 10.

42
Q

What is narcolepsy treated with?

A

Psychostimulants.

43
Q

What is sleep apnea treated with?

A

Positive airways masks (Darth Vader).

44
Q

What are sleep terrors and sleepwalking treated with?

A

Benzodiazepines and antidepressants.

45
Q

What are some cognitive-behavioural approaches to treating sleep-wake disorders?

A

Modifying sleeping habits, changing dysfunctional thoughts, stimulus control, relaxation training, anxiety management.

46
Q

What are the 10 sleep strategy steps?

A
  1. Retire to bed only when you feel
  2. Limit bed activities to sleeping
  3. If after 20 minutes you are unable to fall asleep, get out of bed & relax
  4. Establish a regular routine
  5. Avoid naps during the daytime
  6. Avoid ruminating in bed
  7. Relax before sleeping
  8. Establish a regular daytime exercise schedule.
  9. Avoid caffeinated beverages
  10. Practice rational restructuring for self-defeating thoughts

Psych 239 (16 decks)

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