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Psych 239 > Assessment, Classification, and Treatment of Abnormal Disorders > Flashcards

Assessment, Classification, and Treatment of Abnormal Disorders Flashcards

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1
Q

In the case of Gloria, there were three clinical psychologists: Albert Ellis, Carl Rodgers, and Fitz Pearl. Which perspectives do these three clinical psychologists hold?

A

Albert Ellis holds a behaviouralist perspective.
Carl Rodgers holds a humanistic perspective.
Fitz Pearl holds an emotional perspective.

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2
Q

What are key features of the Behavioural perspective?

A

Most directed, and the psychologist acts like the expert. Homework is often prescribed, and psychologist talks a lot. There is an uneven dynamic.

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3
Q

What are key features of the Humanistic perspective?

A

The psychologist talks the least, and often repeats what the client says. There is a lot of paraphrasing and reflecting back, and relationships are key to this perspective.

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4
Q

Relationships are of utmost importance in which perspective?

A

Humanistic.

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5
Q

What are key features of the Emotional perspective?

A

There is an attempt to access untapped emotion from the client, and looks at ways to heighten the client’s emotion.

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6
Q

A technique often used is talking to an empty chair. Which perspective is most likely going to use this technique?

A

Emotional.

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7
Q

What does the Interactionist perspective hold?

A

No one theoretical perspective can account for the complex forms of abnormal behaviour.

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8
Q

What are the four factors that Interactionists believe need to be taken into account?

A

Biological, psychological, sociocultural, and environmental domains.

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9
Q

The Interactionist perspective believes that there is an ___ between the four factors that explain abnormal behaviour.

A

Interaction.

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10
Q

Diathesis Stress Model

A

A theory that states that certain people are predisposed to certain psychological disorders that remain unexpressed until activated by stress.

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11
Q

Biopsychosocial (Systems) Model

A

A conceptual model that emphasizes that human behaviour is linked to complex interactions among biological, psychological, and sociocultural factors.

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12
Q

Epigenome

A

The idea that behaviour is linked to the epigenome; the sum total of inherited and acquired molecular variations to the genome that lead to changes in gene regulation without changing the DNA sequence of the genome itself.

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13
Q

Biopsychosocial Model contains three components: How are they separated into two groups, and what are the three components?

A

The two groups are internal and external. The internal components are biological and psychological, while the external components is sociocultural/environmental.

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14
Q

Psychotherapy is effective/ineffective.

A

Effective.

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15
Q

For psychotherapy, is short term treatment or long term treatment better?

A

Long term.

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16
Q

One mode of psychotherapy is clearly superior in all disorders. True or false?

A

False.

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17
Q

Which is better? Medications alone, psychotherapy alone, or both combined?

A

Combined is consistently better.

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18
Q

Which often leads to longer term curative effects? Medication or psychotherapy.

A

Psychotherapy.

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19
Q

The effective use of psychotherapy can reduce the costs of ___ ___.

A

Physical disorders.

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20
Q

Which is most effective? Psychologists, psychiatrists, or social workers?

A

There is no evidence suggesting that treatment effectiveness is higher for one than another.

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21
Q

Which is more effective? Psychologists/psychiatrists/social workers or counsellors/long term doctoring?

A

Psychologists/psychiatrists/social workers.

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22
Q

Client A has limits on the number of sessions limited as a result of insurance restrictions. Client B has no such limits. Who responded better to therapy?

A

Client B.

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23
Q

Approximately _% of persons who seek treatment get worse.

A

5.

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24
Q

What does IQ stand for?

A

Intelligence Quotient.

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25
Q

What is Intelligence Quotient a ratio of? Give the formula.

A

Mental age and chronological age. (MA/CA)*100=IQ

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26
Q

What is an example of a self-report test?

A

The MMPI.

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27
Q

What does MMPI stand for?

A

Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory.

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28
Q

What are two examples of projective tests?

A

Rorschach Inkblot Test and Thematic Apperception Test.

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29
Q

Behavioural Assessment focuses on..

A

The objective recording and/or description of behaviour.

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30
Q

Cognitive Assessment involves the assessment of ___, which includes ___, ___, and ___.

A

Cognition. Thoughts, beliefs, and attitudes.

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31
Q

What are three methods used for cognitive assessment?

A

Thought diaries, cognition checklists, and dysfunctional attitudes scale.

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32
Q

Thought diaries

A

???

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33
Q

Cognition checklists

A

???

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34
Q

Dysfunctional attitudes scale.

A

???

35
Q

DSM V diagnostic criteria are organized in order of…

A

The similarity of diagnosis.

36
Q

What is the difference between a clinical psychologist, a psychiatrist, and a social worker?

A

A clinical psychologist can be research based, and usually conducts tests in addition to counselling. Psychiatrists can prescribe medicine, and social workers purely deal with counselling.

37
Q

Who are the three figures associated with Cognitive Behavioural Therapies?

A

Ellis, Beck, and Miechenbaum.

38
Q

What was Ellis’ Cognitive Behaviour Therapy called?

A

Rational-Emotive Behaviour Therapy.

39
Q

What is the Rational-Emotive Behaviour Therapy?

A

???

40
Q

What is Ellis’ ABC Therapy?

A

???

41
Q

What is Beck’s Cognitive Therapy?

A

???

42
Q

What is Miechenbaum’s Cognitive-Behavioural Therapy?

A

???

43
Q

What is Miechenbaum’s CBT Triangle?

A

???

44
Q

What is Eclectic Therapy?

A

Using a little bit of everything. Variety of techniques.

45
Q

What is the ideal number of individuals for group therapy?

A

8.

46
Q

What are some concerns associated with Computer-Assisted Therapy?

A

Ethical concerns. Is the person responding on the other end a real therapist?

47
Q

What are common factors for treatment?

A

Things you need for treatment to be successful, regardless of which model you follow.

48
Q

What are model-specific factors for treatment?

A

Things you need for a specific model to be successful in treatment.

49
Q

What are therapist-specific factors for treatment?

A

What is unique about the therapist, and how can this make treatment successful?

50
Q

Is Civil Commitment (Psychiatric Commitment) voluntary or non-voluntary?

A

Non-voluntary.

51
Q

What are the three cases that fall under Civil Commitment?

A
  1. Harm to self.
  2. Potential harm to others.
  3. Severe psychiatric condition.
52
Q

What are the three cases that fall under Legal (Criminal) Commitment?

A
  1. Clear evidence.
  2. Imminent risk.
  3. Limited time.
53
Q

The time that you spend in Legal Commitment cannot be longer than…

A

The time that you would spend in jail.

54
Q

What is Mental Illness and Social Deviance by Thomas Szasz.

A

No one should be deprived of liberty unless he is found guilty of a criminal offence. You should be able to refuse psychiatric treatment.

55
Q

The Psychopathy Checklist is used in predicting ___.

A

Dangerousness.

56
Q

There is an ___ of dangerousness due to inaccurate predictions in general.

A

Overprediction.

57
Q

What is the Post Hoc Problem?

A

It is often difficult to tell if people are dangerous or not before they act dangerously: realizing people are dangerous after the fact.

58
Q

What are the 3 patient’s rights discussed in class?

A
  1. Duty to warn.
  2. Right to treatment.
  3. Right to refuse treatment (if in right mind).
59
Q

What is the duty to warn?

A

If someone is in harm’s way, they must be warned.

60
Q

The legal basis for the insanity defense discussed in class comes from the ___ v. ___ court case in 1991.

A

R. v. Swan.

61
Q

What are the 3 possible outcomes to the insanity defense?

A
  1. Absolute discharge.
  2. Conditional discharge.
  3. Detention in hospital.
62
Q

In order for a person to be tried, they must demonstrate ___ to stand trial.

A

Competency.

63
Q

What is Perspectives of the Insanity Defense by Thomas Szasz?

A

Testimony about the mental competence of an accused person should not be admissible.

64
Q

Anxiety is ___ when it prompts us to seek medical attention, to study for an upcoming exam, or to avoid a dangerous situation.

A

Adaptive.

65
Q

Anxiety is ___ when it is out of proportion, out of the blue, or not in response to environmental changes.

A

Maladaptive.

66
Q

Approximately __% of people will experience an anxiety disorder.

A

20.

67
Q

What are some physical features of anxiety disorders?

A

Physical jumpiness, jitters, increased perspiration and heart rate, shortness of breath, dizziness, and nausea.

68
Q

What are some behavioural features of anxiety disorders?

A

The need to escape, agitation, clinginess, need for reassurance.

69
Q

What are some cognitive features of anxiety disorders?

A

Excessive and prolonged worrying, jumbled or nagging thoughts, overly aware of bodily sensations.

70
Q

Panic disorders reach a peak within ___ minutes and last for __ minutes or less.

A

10, 20.

71
Q

Panic attacks can bring on symptoms such as…

A

A pounding heart, rapid respiration, shortness of breath, heavy perspiration, dizziness, weakness, feeling of terror/doom, and urge to escape.

72
Q

Women/men are 2-3 times more likely than women/men to get panic attacks.

A

Women are more likely than men.

73
Q

What are some techniques for coping with anxiety?

A

Purposeful, breathing, progressive muscle relaxation, autogenic phrases.

74
Q

What does GAD stand for?

A

Generalized Anxiety Disorder.

75
Q

What is GAD?

A

A type of anxiety disorder characterized by general feelings of dread, foreboding, and heightened states of sympathetic arousal.

76
Q

Free floating anxiety is associated with ___.

A

GAD.

77
Q

GAD is often comorbid with ___ and ___.

A

Depression, OCD.

78
Q

GAD arises in the mid __’s, and continues…

A

20’s, throughout life.

79
Q

GAD is 2 times more likely in ___ than ___.

A

Women, men.

80
Q

What is a specific phobia?

A

A person experiences a high level of fear and physiological arousal when encountering the phobic object and has a strong urge to escape.

81
Q

Social phobia.

A

An excessive fear of negative evaluation from others.

82
Q

Social phobia may lead to ___ behaviour.

A

Avoidant.

83
Q

What are the 5 diagnostic types:

A
  1. Animal (spiders).
  2. Natural environment (tornadoes).
  3. Blood/injection/injury (needles).
  4. Situational (claustrophobic).
  5. Other (choking, contracting an illness).

Psych 239 (16 decks)

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