Societies and shelter - part 1 Flashcards
categories of the ecological interactions that species and individuals engage in
- biotic
- abiotic
define biotic interactions
- interactions involving an organism and other organisms
- can be further categorized by their outcome
define abiotic interactions
interactions involving an organism and its environment
what are consumer-resource interactions and their outcome
- predation/parasitoidism
- parasitism
- herbivory
- all of these have a + / - outcome
outcome of competition
-/-
outcome of mutualism
+ / +
outcome of commensalism
+ / 0
ecological scale of space use (from large scale to small scale)
- biogeographical distribution
- fundamental niche
- realized niche
- individual space use
explain biogeographical distribution
- All species have an established distribution across the face of the earth
- dictated by 3 things
what is biogeographical distribution dictated by
- where they first evolved
- the conditions they can tolerate
- how far they have been able to spread
explain fundamental niche
- within a biogeographical distribution
- The specific range of conditions a species can tolerate
fundamental niche - examples of conditions
- Latitude
- Temperature
- Precipitation
- Habitat
- Arboreal vs. terrestrial realm
explain realized niche
- within a fundamental niche
- the resources a species actually uses are reduced by the interactions it has with other species
realized niche - how can natural enemies create a realized niche
Natural enemies force a species to use only a subset of the all the resources they could use in the absence of enemies
realized niche: natural enemies - turtle ants example
C. atratus are forced to use only a subset of nesting resources they would otherwise use
explain individual space use
- within a realized niche / species
- the space an individual (society) uses to secure resources
- it is dictated by its interactions with members of its species and other species
how do individuals use space, with increasing levels of exclusivity
- total range
- home range
- core area
- territory
define total range
The entire area covered by a society in its lifetime