Diversity of sociality across the tree of life – Part 2 Flashcards
snapping shrimp - eusociality castes
- contain only one reproductive female - a “queen”
- Larger colony members never breed and defend the colony against intruders — soldier caste.
snapping shrimp - overlap of generations
Developing juveniles remain in the natal sponge
what is the Ancestral Character State
Reconstruction used for
to infer social states at internal nodes
eusociality in insects evolved independently in _______________
5 insect orders
define primitive eusociality
species that satisfy the three general criteria of eusociality, without permanent caste membership
define complex eusociality
involving evolution of morphologically distinct castes
thrips - mated female initiates the ____ and lays brood.
gall
thrips - early produced individuals
small wings, barbed front legs, and swarm-attack gall intruders (i.e. soldiers)
thrips - later broods
Later broods have the more typical wing size and disperse (like the initiating mating female)
thrips - origins of eusociality
- Number or origins unclear: Multiple origins or multiple loses in the same region of the tree
- eusociality is a “labile” trait.
Like thrips, eusociality in aphids has evolved multiple times and is defined by soldier production in __________ species
galling
in termites, a ________________________________________, with all living species showing complex eusociality (distinct morphological castes).
single, ancient origin of eusociality
termite juveniles are ______________ of the mature adults (hemi-metabolous insects) and act as workers.
small versions
Developing offspring typically retain incredible __________________________ to become reproductives or soldiers
developmental flexibility
define “True worker”
means a specialized, terminal developmental form for non-reproductive tasks