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Year 10 Flash Cards > Social Studies - Weathering the Storm > Flashcards

Social Studies - Weathering the Storm Flashcards

1
Q

Weather

A

the day to day conditions of the atmosphere. this includes temperature, rain and wind

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2
Q

Climate

A

the average weather conditions of a place usually measured over one year

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3
Q

Polar zone

A

Temperatures are cold all year and is extremely cold and dark in winter. Little to no rainfall

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4
Q

Tropical zone

A

Temperatures are hot all year and rainfall is high

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5
Q

Temperate zone

A

4 distinct seasons, temperature is mild to warm and has moderate rainfall

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6
Q

Continental climate

A

the climate on the continents interior, which typically has temperature extremes and low precipitation

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7
Q

Precipitation

A

Any liquid or frozen water that forms in the atmosphere and falls back to the earth

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8
Q

Maritime climate

A

a coastal climate which typically has mild temperature and high precipitation

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9
Q

Microclimate

A

a local set of atmospheric conditions that differ from those in surrounding areas

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10
Q

Latitude

A

refers to the location of a place on the globe near the equator. The lower the latitude (equator is 0) the higher the temperature due to the angle of the axis of the earth

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11
Q

Relief

A

Relief is the shape of the earth - mountains and valleys which influences both rain and wind

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12
Q

What are the 3 ways relief affects NZ’s climate

A

rainshadow
wind funneling
orographic rainfall

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13
Q

What is rainshadow

A

A dry area on the leeward sids of a mountainous area. The mountains block the passage of rain producing weather systems with moisture loosing in the air, advances across the mountains creating a drier side

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14
Q

What is an example of rainshadow

A

Christchurch, Nelson, Alexandra

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15
Q

Wind funneling

A

whereby wind is forced to flow through a narrow opening between adjacent land areas, resulting in increased wind speed.

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16
Q

What is convectional rainfall

A

when warm surface air expands and carries moisture into the air. if the ground is wet it makes the rising air extremely moist which builds up into rain and storms

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17
Q

What is frontal rainfall

A

when warm moist air meets with cold air during the passing of a depression (low pressure) the warm air is forced to rise over the cool air which creates rain

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18
Q

What is relief/orographic rainfall

A

when warm, moist air meets the mountain barrier and tries to find a path around it and if not it is forced to rise. as it rises, the air will cool and some of the air will turn into rain

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19
Q

What is altitude

A

refers to height above sea level. as Air rises it cools so locations at a high altitude are colder than locations at a lower altitude

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20
Q

Size of a landmass

A

Land heats and cools more quickly than the sea. Continental and maritime climates impact the temperature of the land due to sea cooling it down

21
Q

Proximity to the sea

A

Sea breezes coming off the ocean cool the temperature down, in winter the ocean is warmer so breezes coming off the ocean tend to warm up the atmosphere

22
Q

Ocean currents

A

where air masses pass over warm ocean currents are warmed, while air masses passing over cold ocean currents are cooled

23
Q

Wind and pressure systems

A

At the equator, the pressure is low, whilst the polar regions have high pressure. In between there are the sub tropical high-pressure air masses is NZ’s northerly winds which are warm. Southerly winds are cool

24
Q

What are the rules to interpret weather maps

A

Air moves anti-clockwise in an anticyclone
Air moves clockwise in a depression
Air moves parallel to the isobars
Closely spaced isobars indicate strong winds
Widely spaced isobars indicate gentle breezes
Anticyclones bring clear skies, warm temperatures and gentle breezes
Depressions give rain, cool temperatures and stronger winds

25
Q

What does a cold front mean

A

frequent rain, thunderstorms

26
Q

What does a warm front mean

A

light rain, humid temp

27
Q

What does a stationery front mean

A

cloudy, showers

28
Q

What does a occluded front mean

A

thunderstorms

29
Q

Climate change

A

the increasing changes in climate over a long period of time including precipitation, temperature, and wind patterns

30
Q

Global warming

A

The rise of global temperatures due to increasing greenhouse gases which causes ice to melt and rising waters

31
Q

Climate change denier

A

one who denies that changes in the Earths climate or weather patterns are caused by human activity

32
Q

Greenhouse effect

A

A thin layer of greenhouse gases which sit around the earth. Radiation from the sun travels through the layer of greenhouse gases

33
Q

What is El Nino

A

Warmer water off the coast of South America which makes NZ have more frequent winds from the west and more rain on the West with a drier Eastern side.

34
Q

What is El Nina

A

Colder water off the coast of South America which makes NZ have more easterly winds and warmer seas on the West. It also creates more thunderstorms and cloud

35
Q

What are the greenhouse gases

A

Carbon Dioxide
Water vapour
Methane

36
Q

How often does El Nino and El Nina happen

A

every 2-7 years

37
Q

What are the consequences of climate change

A

melting of glaciers and ice caps
rising sea levels
droughts
reduction of crop production
spread of disease
coral bleaching

38
Q

What is the function of a thermometer

A

Measures the air temperature. It measures in celcius

39
Q

What is the function of a barometer

A

measures our air pressure and tells if the pressure is rising or falling. It measures in atmospheres and bars

40
Q

What is the function of a rain gauge

A

Measures the amount of rain that has fallen over a specific time period. Measures in millimetres

41
Q

What is the function of a wind wave

A

An instrument that determines which direction the wind is blowing

42
Q

What is the function of a anemometer

A

measures wind speed. Measures in km/h or m/s

43
Q

What is the function of a weather map

A

indicates atmospheric conditions above a large portion of the earth’s surface. Meteorologists use it to forecast weather

44
Q

What is the function of a hygrometer

A

measures the water vapour content of air, or the humidity. Measures in mm or cubic cm

45
Q

What is the function of a weather balloon

A

measures weather conditions higher up in the atmosphere. Measures in radiosonde

46
Q

What is the function of a compass

A

a navigational instrument for finding direction

47
Q

What is the function of weather satellites

A

used to photograph and track large scale movements. Meterologists compile and analyse the data with the help of computers

48
Q

What is the function of a wind sock

A

a wind sock measures wind direction but is easier to see (same as a wind wave but bigger)

Year 10 Flash Cards (18 decks)

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