Social Studies - Nazi Germany Flashcards
What does reich and reichstag mean
Reich = German Empire
Reichstag = the German Parliament
What happened in 1918
Germany lost WW1 Kaiser Wilheim II had to abricate and Germany’s lifestyle turned upside down
What is the stab in the back theory
a conspiracy theory blaming groups including Weimar Republic politicians and Jews for losing WW1
What is the treaty of versailles
In 1919, Germany was forced to sign the treaty for blame for starting the war
What were the impacts of the treaty of versailles
- lost 10% land
- lost all overseas colonies
- lost 12.5% population
- army reduced to 100,000, no air-force and reduced navy
- Germany had to pay 6600 million pounds in reparations in 1921
Who is Friedrich Ebert
The leader of Germany after Kaiser Wilheim II was abricated and the Weimar Republic leader
What did the Weimar Republic depend on
They depended on the German people to accept the change to the new democratic system. The Weimar Republic frequently faced violence and assasinations.
What is the hyperinflation and when did it happen
In 1923, Germany entered a hyperinflation as the new government was trying to rebuild the country and pay its reparations. The country printed money that they didn’t have so the value went down and prices went up.
What does hyperinflation mean
rapidly accelerating inflation where prices rise ten or hundred-fold in a single month
What were the impacts of the 1923 hyperinflation
- people who lived on savings found the money useless
- workers were simply paid higher and higher wages
- business and trade became impossible which caused unemployment
What was the great depression and when did it occur
In 1929, the american stock market crashed. Germany had to pay money borrowed from the US back as a result and Germany’s economy collapsed following
What were the NOVEMBER CRIMINALS
A saying Hitler would say blaming Ebert and the Weimar Republic for signing the treaty to ruin the German Nation
What were the impacts of the Great Depression
Businesses went bankrupt, unemployment rose to over 6 million by 1932.
Who was Hitler
A dictator of Nazi Germany and the leader of the Nazi Party
What does henchman mean
a faithful follower or political supporter, especially one prepared to engage in crime or violence by way of service
Who were Hitler’s henchmen
- Josef Goebbels
- Hermann Goering
- Rudolf Hess
- Heinrich Himmler
- Ernst Rohm
What was the Munich Putsch and when was it
In 1923, the Nazis attempted to seize power in Germany. Hitler hijacked a local government meeting and announced he was taking over the government of Bavaria. 16 Nazi’s were killed by police
Who were the Nazi SA (Storm-troopers)
A group that were to help Hitler rise to power and guard Nazi meetings, then eventually become the Nazi Army
Who were the Nazi SS (Schutz-staffel)
The private body-guard for Hitler and Nazi leaders then eventually became the main instrument of terror in Nazi Germany
What happened in 1933
Hitler became Chancellor
What was the Reichstag Fire and when did it happen
In February 1933, the Reichstag had been set on fire and inside they found a dutch communist. The next day Hitler persuaded President Hindenburg to suspend all articles which guaranteed liberty and freedom of speech
What was the enabling act
It gave Hitler the power to make laws without the approval of either the Reichstag or the president. The Enabling Act triggered a six month rapid change throughout Germany known as the Nazi revolution
What was the night of long knives and when did it happen
In 1934, the night of long knives was the purge of the SA leadership from 30 June to 2 July. 150 were murdered and many were arrested. Hundreds of leaders of the SA were killed by the SS.
What happened on 2nd August 1934
President Hindenburg died and within hours Hitler declared himself as Fuhrer
How did the Nazi’s control education
The curriculum was changed and the purpose of education was to create a future generation that was blindly loyal to the Nazi’s
How did the Nazi’s control youth
They set up a group called Hitler Youth and was compulsory for everyone between 10 and 18. Boys were trained to become brave soldiers and girls were trained how to be a good mother and household chores
How did the Nazi’s control the role of women
Nazi’s main purpose for women was to be a mother and to have as many children as possible. Women with the most children were awarded with mother-hood crosses every 12th August.
How did the Nazi’s control media
Newspapers, movies, books, art, radio were all controlled by the Nazi’s with Hitler’s speeches broacasted on loudspeakers in public areas/
How did the Nazi’s control churches
Hitler created a German Faith movement which was the Nazi’s alternative to Christianity. It involved poganstyle worship and adopted Nazi-style uniforms, salutes and marches
How did the Nazi’s control Hitler’s ideal society
Hitler wanted to make Germany strong and powerful again and based his actions on the following ideals
- Aryan race
- Herrenvolk
- Gleichschaltung
- Lebensraum
What does aryan race mean
“master race” Hitler wanted Germans to be a strong master race particularly blonde blue-eyed people being the ideal
What does Herrenvolk mean
“creating a master race” Aryan people were encouraged to have multiple children to develop the master race
What does gleichschaltung mean
a process of nazifying all aspects of German society
What does Lebensraum mean
“living space” Hitler wanted more territory and to take over Europe for the aryan race
What were the Nuremburg Laws
The Nuremburg laws were racist laws which took away German citizenship from Jews.
What did the Nuremburg Laws mean for Jews
Jews were forbidden to marry or have sex with Germans. Propaganda experts bombarded German families with anti-jewish messages
Jews were refused jobs and shops refused to serve them
Jewish children were humiliated and segregated
What was Kristallnacht and when did it happen
In November 1938, a young Jew killed a german diplomat. Following this, SS troopers were issued hammers and pickaxes to smash up Jewish shops and workplaces. 91 Jews were murdered and 21000 were sent to concentration camps.
What does genocide mean
a deliberate execution of a whole race or nation
Where were the death camps built
Chelmno
Treblinka
Sobibor
Najdanek
Belzec
Auschwitz Birkenau
What happened when the Nazi’s occupied Poland in 1939
They began segregating Jews into ghettos. By 1941 almost all Jews were in these ghettos in occupied ghettos. Ghettos were shut in by walls, fences or barbed wire.
When did the Nazi Germany period end and why
It ended in 1945 with the end of WW2 and defeat of Germany
What was Hitler’s final solution
In 1942, the final solution was all the Jews within Germany were to be killed. By 1945, 11 million jews were killed.
