Science - Medical Science Flashcards
What are the differences between cells, tissues and organs
Cells are the building blocks of all organisms,
Tissues are groups of cells that work together to perform functions eg muscle tissue
Organs are a group of tissues that work together to perform a specific function eg heart, lungs liver
What is diffusion
Diffusion is the spreading out of particles from an area of high concentration to a area of low concentration until they are equal.
Why is oxygen needed for life processes
Oxygen helps organisms grow, reproduce, and turn food into energy.
What is the word equation for respiration
glucose + oxygen = (arrow) carbon dioxide + water + energy (ATP)
What is respiration
The chemical reaction which takes place in all living cells in order to release energy from glucose.
What is the function of the mouth/nose
To bring air into the lungs
What is the function for the epiglottis
A flap of tissue that covers the trachea during swallowing to prevent food from entering the lungs.
What is the function for the trachea
The windpipe; a tube that connects the throat to the bronchi, allowing air to pass to and from the lungs.
What is the function of bronchis
The main passageways that direct air from the trachea into the lungs. The trachea splits into the left and right bronchi.
What is the function of bronchioles
Smaller branches of the bronchi that lead to the alveoli.
What is alveoli and the function for alveoli
Tiny air sacs in the lungs where gas exchange occurs between the air and the blood.
What is the diaphragm and the function for the diaphragm
A dome-shaped muscle at the bottom of the lungs that plays a key role in breathing by contracting and relaxing to change the volume of the chest cavity.
What is the function for ribs
The bones that form the rib cage, protecting the heart and lungs.
What is the function for intercostal muscles
Muscles located between the ribs that assist with breathing by expanding and contracting the rib cage.
What is aerobic respiration
When a chemical reaction takes place in all living cells in order to provide useable energy to cells to carry out the life processes
What is anaerobic respiration
When they’re isnt enough oxygen avaliable in the body and anaerobic respiration produces a little bit of energy but not enough to support for a long time
What is the importance of the respiratory system
The respiratory system allows oxygen in the air to be taken into the body, while also letting the body get rid of carbon dioxide in the air breathed out
What is gas exchange
The process of oxygen being absorbed into the blood and carbon dioxide being expelled, primarily occurring in the alveoli.
What is the difference between respiration and breathing
Breathing is a physical process to inhale and exhale air in and out of the lungs
Respiration is a chemical process where glucose and oxygen react to release energy
What is the effects of smoking on the respiratory system
It reduces lung function and breathlessness due to swelling and narrowing of the lung airways
What are long-term effects of smoking
Causes of:
Cancer
Heart attack
Stroke
Emphysema
What is carcinogenic
Any agent that promotes the development of cancer
What is diffusion
The process by which molecules move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration; essential in the exchange of gases in the alveoli.
Why is diffusion important in the body
So oxygen and glucose molecules can move in and out of cells depending on the concentrations inside of the cell
What is breathing
The process of inhaling oxygen and exhaling carbon dioxide, enabling gas exchange in the lungs.
What happens when you breath in
- Intercostal muscles between the ribs contract
- The diaphragm muscle below the lungs contract and flatten, increasing size of chest
- Lungs increase increase so air pressure falls
What happens when you breath out
Intercostal muscles between the ribs relax
The diaphragm muscle below the lungs relax and bulge up decreasing size of chest
Lungs decrease in size so air pressure increases
What does tar damage when you smoke cigarettes
Alveoli which makes it difficult for oxygen to get from lungs to blood and cells
What is the circulatory system and why is it important
The system that contains the heart and the blood vessels and moves blood throughout the body.
It carries oxygen, nutrients, and hormones to cells, and removes waste products, like carbon dioxide.
What is the functions for the atrias
The two upper chambers of the heart that receive blood coming into the heart.
What is the function for the septum
It helps keep oxygen-rich blood from the lungs from mixing with oxygen-poor blood from the body.
What is the function for the ventricles
The two lower chambers of the heart that pump blood out of the heart to the lungs and the rest of the body.
What is the function for the aorta and vena cava
Aorta: transports oxygen rich blood from your heart to the rest of your body
Vena Cava: carries blood to the heart from other areas of the body.
What is the function for the pulmonary artery and pulmonary vein
Pulmonary artery: carries oxygen-poor blood from your heart to your lungs
Pulmonary vein: transfers freshly oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atria of the heart
What are arteries and the structure and functions of them
Arteries are strong muscular blood vessels with no valves
Arteries carry blood away from the heart and mainly carry oxygenated blood. Arteries have to carry blood under high pressure
How does exercise affect rate of heartbeat
Muscles require energy via respiration which means our body needs more oxygen and glucose. This increases the pulse rate to increase blood circulation so does our breathing rate to get oxygen into body.
This circulation increase leads to the rate of carbon dioxide left from the muscles
What are veins and the structure and functions of veins
Veins are blood vessels that contain a small amount of muscle and elastic and appear blue/purple
They carry blood towards the heart and mainly carry deoxygenated blood. They need valves to keep blood moving in correct direction
What are capillaries and the structure and functions of them
Capillaries are thin blood vessels that are one cell thick which have no muscle, valves and elastic in walls
Capillaries bring oxygenated blood to tissues and deoxygenated blood from tissues
Why is blood important
Blood brings oxygen and nutrients to parts of the body so they can function
What are the functions of white blood cells and red blood cells
White blood cells: To protect body from infection, cells increase when infection present and decrease when healthy
Red blood cells: to carry oxygen from the lungs to around the body.
What are the functions of platelets and plasma
Platelets: To form clots at damaged sites to prevent blood loss when you get a cut
Plasma: A liquid that carries substances around the body including carbon dioxide, nutrients, and hormones
What is respiration
The chemical reaction which takes place in all living cells in order to release energy from glucose.
How does oxygen get to cells
Oxygen and glucose move in and out of the cells across the cell membrane by diffusion.
Molecules will move into the cell when there is a higher concentration of oxygen outside the cell than inside the cell.
