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Year 10 Flash Cards > Science - Electricity > Flashcards

Science - Electricity Flashcards

1
Q

What is electrical energy?

A

a type of kinetic energy

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2
Q

What is electricity

A

the movement from negative to positive due to electrons having a negative charge

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3
Q

Why is electricity a convenient energy

A

it can be easily be changed into other forms of energy such as light and sound

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4
Q

What is current electricity

A

the flow of electrons through a material

some materials allow the flow of electrons more easily than others which are called conductors

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5
Q

What are conductors

A

Materials where some of the electrons are free to leave and they can flow through the conductor in an electric current

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6
Q

What are insulators

A

In materials where electrons are tightly held and can’t leave. Electrical current will not flow but static electricity can build up

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7
Q

What is static electricity

A

where charges occur in surfaces (insulators) and don’t flow away immediately

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8
Q

What happens when objects are rubbed together (static electricity)

A

some electrons transfer from one material to the other

gaining electrons = negatively charged
losing electrons = positively charged

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9
Q

What are the dangers of static electricity

A

If enough charge builds up, a spark may jump from one to another
Water droplets can become charged in thunderstorms that create lightning

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10
Q

What are some uses of static electricity

A

Photocopiers and inkjet printers
Powder-coating metals

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11
Q

What are good conductors

A

copper, zinc, carbon

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12
Q

What do circuits need to move

A

a push (this is called voltage)

if there is no voltage, no electrons will move

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13
Q

What is a parallel circuit

A

where the components are compared side by side, which allow several different pathways for the current to flow around. If one bulb blows the other bulb will still remain as the circuit is still complete.

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14
Q

What is a series circuit

A

where the components are connected end to end in a loop. If one bulb or component brakes the whole circuit will go out and the circuit is not complete

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15
Q

What are some standard circuit symbols

A

Lightbulbs
Potentiometer
Battery cell
Wine
Speaker
Multiple batteries

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16
Q

What is current measured in

A

Amps (A)

17
Q

What is a electrical current

A

the flow of rate of electrons

18
Q

What is the law of conservation of energy

A

electric charge can neither be created nor destroyed in a closed system, the amount of charge remains the same

19
Q

What is voltage

A

the voltage of a battery that tells us how much energy it provides to the components in the circuit. It provides energy to the circuit by supplying energy to all the electrons that flow through the circuit

20
Q

What is resistance

A

the measure of how easy it is for the current to flow around a circuit.

the higher the resistance, the lower the current the flow around a circuit. the higher the current flow around the circuit, the lower the resistance

21
Q

What is resistance measured in

A

Ohms

22
Q

What are resistors

A

the component that resists current

if you add a resistor in series with a circuit, the current in the circuit will be lower than without the resistor.

23
Q

What is power

A

how much energy (in joules) is transferred in one second.

power is measured in Watts (W)

24
Q

How to calculate watts

A

watts= volts x amps

eg if the current is 2 amps and the voltage is 240V, then the power is 240 x 2 = 480 watts

25
Q

What is the cost of electricity

A

the total amount of energy transferred by an appliance depending on

the power (higher power appliances transfer more energy than lower power ones)
the time that it is used form

26
Q

What are kilowatt-hours

A

the energy transferred by an appliance measuring in kilowatt-hours

27
Q

What is the equation for kilowatt-hours

A

power rating in kW x time in hours = the total amount of energy used

kW x hours = kWh

28
Q

How do electricity companies charge you

A

the amount of kWh used

total kWh used x the price of one kWh = total cost

eg 2.4kW for 5 hours at 25 cents per kWh comes out at (2.4x5) kWh x 0.25 = $3

29
Q

What are the 3 magnetic materials

A

Iron, cobalt, nickel. Steel can be magnetic as it contains a lot of iron

30
Q

What is magnetism

A

an invisible force.

all magnets have a North and south Pole. like poles repl whilst opposite poles attract

31
Q

How do magnets work

A

Magnets exert a force magnetic field around them. A magnet can exert a force on another magnetic material

32
Q

What are magnetic fields

A

The strength shown by the density of lines

33
Q

What is Earth’s magnetic field

A

the spin of earth cresting a magnetic field around the earth with North and South poles

34
Q

What is the unit of magnet field strength

A

Tesla (T)

35
Q

What is an electromagnet

A

where electrical charges flow in a wire, a magnetic field is formed around the wire

36
Q

What is a solenoid

A

the length of wire that is looped or coiled around to make an electromagnet

37
Q

Why are electromagnets useful

A

they can be charged and be switched on and off the strength

38
Q

3 good insulators

A

Rubber, plastic, glass

Year 10 Flash Cards (18 decks)

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