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Year 10 Flash Cards > Social Studies - Modern China > Flashcards

Social Studies - Modern China Flashcards

1
Q

How long was China ruled by emperors

A

For over 2000 years until 1911

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2
Q

What was the period called when China was ruled by emperors

A

Imperial China

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3
Q

How many peasants were in China after the end of Imperial China

A

At the time there were 500 million people in China and most were peasants

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4
Q

What were the effects peasants had

A

Very few peasants owned land as landlords put very high rents. Pesants got taxed on almost everything eg land, kettle, bedding tax

Women peasants and young kids had their feet binded as seen as a mark of beauty

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5
Q

Who is Pu Yi

A

Pu Yi was the last emperor of China and was the final ruler of the Qing Dynasty

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6
Q

When did Pu Yi start his rule

A

1908 and he lived in the forbidden city.

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7
Q

What did Pu Yi’s brother say about him

A

“Puyi never wanted to be an emperor. His greatest wish was to go to England and become a teacher.”

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8
Q

Who is Sun Yat-sen

A

The first elected president of the United Provinces of China after Imperial China

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9
Q

What happened to Puyi in 1924

A

Puyi continued to live in the forbidden city until he was given 3 hours to leave and made him a spare emperor in North East China

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10
Q

What happened to Puyi after WW2

A

He was put in prison as a war criminal by the Russians from 1945 to 1950. When he returned he got put in a labour camp for his association with the Japanese

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11
Q

What does nationalism mean for China

A

to rid China-of foreign interference and exploitation

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12
Q

What does democracy mean for China

A

to create a more modern system of government acceptable to the people of China

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13
Q

What happened when the communists came to power in 1949

A

China collapsed and warlords divided the country into local mini kingdoms on their own

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14
Q

Why was the Guomindang (Nationalist Party) formed

A

To unite China

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15
Q

What did Yat-Sen do in 1921

A

He allied the Guomindang with the newly founded Chinese Communist Party

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16
Q

How could someone become a mandarin

A

They had to pass difficult examinations in classics and the ancient learning of China. People spent their lives studying for these exams and only the rich could become mandarins as they could afford education

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16
Q

What were government officials called in Imperial China

A

Mandarins

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17
Q

Emperors had the __________ power, whilst weak emperors got ________ and _______

A

ultimate, poisoned, killed

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18
Q

Where did emperors live

A

In the forbidden city, in the centre of Imperial City in Beijing

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18
Q

How many emperors lived in the Forbidden City

A

24

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18
Q

Who was Chiang Kai-Shek

A

He became leader after Sun Yat-sen passed away in 1925

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19
Q

Was Chiang concerned about the Manchurian Invasion

A

No as he was focussed on his campaign against the communists

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19
Q

Who are ‘boxers’

A

a group of Chinese citizens who disliked the vast amount of foreign influence that existed in China

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19
Q

What did Chiang do in 1927

A

He turned against the communists which led to a bloody purge with many communist leaders killed.

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19
Q

What is the boxer rebellion

A

An uprising that occured within China between 1900-1901, led by the boxers

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19
Q

What was happening during the time of the Boxer Rebellion

A

Many foreign countries were dominating China including Japan, Britain, Germany, France, and Russia

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19
Q

What is the long march

A

A march started by the Red Army after finding themselves encircled by the nationalist troops

20
Q

What was Chiang’s opinions on the communists

A

He disliked the communists as he felt threatened

21
Q

Why did the Japanese invade Manchuria

A

It was an attempt to gain control over the whole province in order to encompass all of East Asia

21
Q

What did the Japanese do in 1931

A

The Japanese Kwantung Army attacked Chinese troops in Manchuria commonly known as the “Manchurian Incident”

22
Q

Who was the new leader for the CCP elected in the long march

A

Mao Zedong

22
Q

How many people survived after the long march

A

4000/100000 which is 10% survived

22
Q

When was the long march

A

1934-1935

22
Q

What did the Japanese do in 1937

A

The Japanese captured Shanghai and Nanjing in late 1937 after taking advantage of the civil war

23
Q

What happened to the peasants after the 1937 invasion

A

Many were killed for small crimes, used as slave labour, and usually got their food taken by the Japanese

23
Q

Did they consider the long march as a success or failure

A

A propaganda success as communist ideas were spread amongst the peasants

24
Q

What is the agraian law reform

A

Where people’s courts were set up in the countryside for the peasants to denounce their landlords who had treated them unfairly

24
Q

What is communism

A

A belief or society without different social classes in which methods of production are owned and controlled by all it’s members.

It is based on the ideas of Karl Marx and Fredrick Engels

24
Q

Did the peasants prefer the communists or the Japanese after WW2

A

They preferred the communists as the Red Army lived in the villages with the peasants

25
Q

What does the hammer represent in the communist flag

A

industry

25
Q

What does the sickle represent in the communist flag

A

agriculture

25
Q

What was the impact of the agraian law reform

A

Landlords were accused of high rents and mistreating peasants which led some to be executed. It increased support for Mao

25
Q

What did Mao say in 1956 and what does it mean and what was the event called

A

“Let 100 flowers bloom, let 100 schools of thought they contend” meaning he was asking for the Chinese to express ways in which China could be better governed. This saying let to the event called the “100 flowers campaign”

25
Q

What happened for the 100 flowers campaign in 1957

A

The CCP signaled how the criticism was too far and they started anti-righteous campaigns

25
Q

What does agrarian mean

A

relating to the land, especially the use of land for farming

25
Q

When was the agraian law reform

A

1950

25
Q

Why did Mao send communist workers to the people’s courts

A

to share out village land between peasants and encouraged peasants to put landlords on trial

26
Q

What were the results of the 100 flowers campaign

A
  • Mao silenced political opponents
  • He instilled fear amongst the educated classes who were less willing to stand against Mao
  • Mao prepared the ground for the Great Leap reforms
  • Many students had their education interrupted due to the death of so many teachers
26
Q

Why did the Great Leap Forward in 1958 occur

A

Mao wanted ordinary people to get involved in small-scale industry.

27
Q

What did the Great Leap Forward start

A

A famine which caused 30-55 million people to die of starvation

28
Q

What did Mao do after the Great Leap Forward

A

He was out of control for China but was still the leader of the CCP

29
Q

What was the cultural revolution

A

Mao created programme determined to transform China to get rid of the 4 OLDS

30
Q

What are the 4 OLDS

A
  1. Old ideas
  2. Old culture
  3. Old customs
  4. Old habits
31
Q

What happened in the cultural revolution

A

Education, art and literature had to meet in line with communist ideas. Schools were closed, workers were involved in political activities, scientists were put in jail or in farms

32
Q

What was the forming of the red guards

A

In 1966, young students of China that Mao told to form into red guards. Red guards went into rampage and many people were killed. By 1967 they fought with gangs and weapons and eventually peace was restored.

33
Q

When was the boxer rebellion

A

1900

34
Q

When was the end of the alliance between communists and GMD

A

1927

35
Q

What happened after the peace of the red guards

A

Red guards moved to the countryside to learn the ways of peasants

36
Q

When was the little red book released

A

1966

37
Q

What is the little red book

A

A book celebrating Mao’s achievements called “Quotations of Chairman Mao” which was distributed for free.

38
Q

When did Mao die and how

A

1976 of a heart attack

39
Q

Who is Deng Xiaopeng

A

The next leader after Mao’s death

40
Q

What was the Tiananmen Square massacre and when was it

A

In 1989 students protested against corruption of the government.

41
Q

What happened on June 3rd 1989

A

When the soviet leader arrived the government got 50000 troops and tanks to destroy the democracy movement

42
Q

What is the one child policy

A

A policy introduced in 1979 by Deng to reduce China’s rapidly growing population of 970 million

Year 10 Flash Cards (18 decks)

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