Social Studies - Modern China Flashcards
How long was China ruled by emperors
For over 2000 years until 1911
What was the period called when China was ruled by emperors
Imperial China
How many peasants were in China after the end of Imperial China
At the time there were 500 million people in China and most were peasants
What were the effects peasants had
Very few peasants owned land as landlords put very high rents. Pesants got taxed on almost everything eg land, kettle, bedding tax
Women peasants and young kids had their feet binded as seen as a mark of beauty
Who is Pu Yi
Pu Yi was the last emperor of China and was the final ruler of the Qing Dynasty
When did Pu Yi start his rule
1908 and he lived in the forbidden city.
What did Pu Yi’s brother say about him
“Puyi never wanted to be an emperor. His greatest wish was to go to England and become a teacher.”
Who is Sun Yat-sen
The first elected president of the United Provinces of China after Imperial China
What happened to Puyi in 1924
Puyi continued to live in the forbidden city until he was given 3 hours to leave and made him a spare emperor in North East China
What happened to Puyi after WW2
He was put in prison as a war criminal by the Russians from 1945 to 1950. When he returned he got put in a labour camp for his association with the Japanese
What does nationalism mean for China
to rid China-of foreign interference and exploitation
What does democracy mean for China
to create a more modern system of government acceptable to the people of China
What happened when the communists came to power in 1949
China collapsed and warlords divided the country into local mini kingdoms on their own
Why was the Guomindang (Nationalist Party) formed
To unite China
What did Yat-Sen do in 1921
He allied the Guomindang with the newly founded Chinese Communist Party
How could someone become a mandarin
They had to pass difficult examinations in classics and the ancient learning of China. People spent their lives studying for these exams and only the rich could become mandarins as they could afford education
What were government officials called in Imperial China
Mandarins
Emperors had the __________ power, whilst weak emperors got ________ and _______
ultimate, poisoned, killed
Where did emperors live
In the forbidden city, in the centre of Imperial City in Beijing
How many emperors lived in the Forbidden City
24
Who was Chiang Kai-Shek
He became leader after Sun Yat-sen passed away in 1925
Was Chiang concerned about the Manchurian Invasion
No as he was focussed on his campaign against the communists
Who are ‘boxers’
a group of Chinese citizens who disliked the vast amount of foreign influence that existed in China
What did Chiang do in 1927
He turned against the communists which led to a bloody purge with many communist leaders killed.
What is the boxer rebellion
An uprising that occured within China between 1900-1901, led by the boxers
What was happening during the time of the Boxer Rebellion
Many foreign countries were dominating China including Japan, Britain, Germany, France, and Russia
What is the long march
A march started by the Red Army after finding themselves encircled by the nationalist troops
What was Chiang’s opinions on the communists
He disliked the communists as he felt threatened
Why did the Japanese invade Manchuria
It was an attempt to gain control over the whole province in order to encompass all of East Asia
What did the Japanese do in 1931
The Japanese Kwantung Army attacked Chinese troops in Manchuria commonly known as the “Manchurian Incident”
Who was the new leader for the CCP elected in the long march
Mao Zedong
How many people survived after the long march
4000/100000 which is 10% survived
When was the long march
1934-1935
What did the Japanese do in 1937
The Japanese captured Shanghai and Nanjing in late 1937 after taking advantage of the civil war
What happened to the peasants after the 1937 invasion
Many were killed for small crimes, used as slave labour, and usually got their food taken by the Japanese
Did they consider the long march as a success or failure
A propaganda success as communist ideas were spread amongst the peasants
What is the agraian law reform
Where people’s courts were set up in the countryside for the peasants to denounce their landlords who had treated them unfairly
What is communism
A belief or society without different social classes in which methods of production are owned and controlled by all it’s members.
It is based on the ideas of Karl Marx and Fredrick Engels
Did the peasants prefer the communists or the Japanese after WW2
They preferred the communists as the Red Army lived in the villages with the peasants
What does the hammer represent in the communist flag
industry
What does the sickle represent in the communist flag
agriculture
What was the impact of the agraian law reform
Landlords were accused of high rents and mistreating peasants which led some to be executed. It increased support for Mao
What did Mao say in 1956 and what does it mean and what was the event called
“Let 100 flowers bloom, let 100 schools of thought they contend” meaning he was asking for the Chinese to express ways in which China could be better governed. This saying let to the event called the “100 flowers campaign”
What happened for the 100 flowers campaign in 1957
The CCP signaled how the criticism was too far and they started anti-righteous campaigns
What does agrarian mean
relating to the land, especially the use of land for farming
When was the agraian law reform
1950
Why did Mao send communist workers to the people’s courts
to share out village land between peasants and encouraged peasants to put landlords on trial
What were the results of the 100 flowers campaign
- Mao silenced political opponents
- He instilled fear amongst the educated classes who were less willing to stand against Mao
- Mao prepared the ground for the Great Leap reforms
- Many students had their education interrupted due to the death of so many teachers
Why did the Great Leap Forward in 1958 occur
Mao wanted ordinary people to get involved in small-scale industry.
What did the Great Leap Forward start
A famine which caused 30-55 million people to die of starvation
What did Mao do after the Great Leap Forward
He was out of control for China but was still the leader of the CCP
What was the cultural revolution
Mao created programme determined to transform China to get rid of the 4 OLDS
What are the 4 OLDS
- Old ideas
- Old culture
- Old customs
- Old habits
What happened in the cultural revolution
Education, art and literature had to meet in line with communist ideas. Schools were closed, workers were involved in political activities, scientists were put in jail or in farms
What was the forming of the red guards
In 1966, young students of China that Mao told to form into red guards. Red guards went into rampage and many people were killed. By 1967 they fought with gangs and weapons and eventually peace was restored.
When was the boxer rebellion
1900
When was the end of the alliance between communists and GMD
1927
What happened after the peace of the red guards
Red guards moved to the countryside to learn the ways of peasants
When was the little red book released
1966
What is the little red book
A book celebrating Mao’s achievements called “Quotations of Chairman Mao” which was distributed for free.
When did Mao die and how
1976 of a heart attack
Who is Deng Xiaopeng
The next leader after Mao’s death
What was the Tiananmen Square massacre and when was it
In 1989 students protested against corruption of the government.
What happened on June 3rd 1989
When the soviet leader arrived the government got 50000 troops and tanks to destroy the democracy movement
What is the one child policy
A policy introduced in 1979 by Deng to reduce China’s rapidly growing population of 970 million
