Social Stratification (12)

Question 1

Socioeconomic status (SES)

Answer 1

Social stratification depends on this.
Two types of SES
-Ascribed status
-Achieved status

Question 2

Marxist Theory

Answer 2

proposes that have nots (proletariat), could overthrow the haves (bourgeoisie).

Question 3

Class consciousness

Answer 3

organization of the working-class around shared goals and recognition of a need for collective political action.

Question 4

Anomie

Answer 4

refers to lack of social norms or the breakdown of social bonds between an individual and society.

Anomic conditions can lead to excessive individualism, social inequality, and isolation; these all erode social solidarity.

Question 5

Strain theory

Answer 5

focuses on how anomic conditions can lead to deviance.

Question 6

Social capital

Answer 6

investment people make in their society in return for economic or collective rewards. Social networks, either situational or positional, are one of the mosre powerful forms of social capital and can be achieved through establishing strong and weak ties.

Question 7

Culture capital

Answer 7

benefit one recieves from knowledge, abilities and skills.

Question 8

Strong ties

Weak ties

Answer 8

Strong- peer group and kinship contacts, which are quantitaviely small but qualitively powerful.

Weak- social connections that are personally superficial, such as association, but that are large in number and provide connections to a wide range of other individuals.

Question 9

Intragenerational

Answer 9

changes in social status happen with a person’s lifetime

Question 10

Intergenerational

Answer 10

changes are from parent to children

Question 11

Meritocracy

Answer 11

society in which advancement up the social ladder is based on intellecutal talent and achievement.

Question 12

Vertical mobility vs. Horizontal mobility

Answer 12

Vertical - movement from one social class to another
Horizontal- change in occupation or lifestyle that remains same social class.

Horizontal ex: Constructional worker changes his job to mechanical maintenance, shift in occupation but remains lower-middle class

Question 13

Social mobility

Answer 13

allows one to acquire higher level employment opportunities by achieving required credentials and experience. Social mobility can either occur in positive or negative direction, depending on whether one is promoted or demoted in status.

Question 14

Social reproduction

Answer 14

passing on social inequality, especially poverty, from one generation to the next.

Question 15

Absolute poverty

Answer 15

people do not have enough resources to aquire basic life necessities

Question 16

Relative poverty

Answer 16

when one is poor in comparison to a large population

Question 17

Social exclusion

Answer 17

sense of powerlessness when one individuals feel alienated from society.

Question 18

Spatial inequality

Answer 18

form of social stratification across territories and their populations and can occur along residential, enviornmental, and global lines.

Question 19

Core nations
Peripheral nations
Semi-peripheral nations

Answer 19

Core- focus on higher skills and higher paying productions
Peripheral- lower-skilled productions
Semi-peripheral- midway between the two these nations work toward becoming core nations, while having many characteristics of peripheral nations.

Question 20

Incidence

Answer 20

calculated number of new cases of a disease per population at risk given period of time

(new cases per 1000 at-risk people per year)
(number of new cases of lung cancer per 1000 at risk people per year)

Note: Incidence is relative to the population at risk, not the total population; if you already have the illness you are no longer at risk.

Question 21

Prevalence

Answer 21

calculated as the number of cases of disease per population in a given period of time. whether new or chronic diseases

(cases per 1000 people per year)
(number of people with new or chronic lung cancer per 1000 people per year)

[ total cases / total population]

Question 22

Morbidity

Answer 22

burden or degree of illness associated with a given disease

Question 23

Mortality

Answer 23

deaths caused by a given disease.

Question 24

second sickness

Answer 24

exacerbation of health outcomes caused by social injustice.

Question 25

Affordable Care Act (ACA)
Medicare
Medicaid

Answer 25

efforts to improve healthcare for an underserved population

Medicare- covers patient over the age of 65, those with renal disease, and those with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)

Medicaid- covers patients who are in significant financial need.

Question 26

Incidence

Answer 26

number of new cases of an illness per population at risk in a given amount of time

[new cases/population at risk ] ( population at risk, not the total population)