Social Interactions (9) Flashcards
Three status:
Ascribed status
Achieved status
Master status
Ascribed: given involuntarily based on race, ethnicity, gender, family background
Achieved: gained as a result of one’s effort or choices. (being a doctor)
Master: which one is most identified; is pervasive in that person’s life
Role performance
carrying out of behaviors associated with a given role.
Role partner
the person with whom one is interacting
Role conflict
difficulty in satisfying the requirements or expectations of multiple roles.
Role strain
difficulty in satisfying multiple requirements of the same role.
Role exit
the dropping of one identity for another.
Group (Social group)
consists of two or more people who share similar characteristics and a sense of unity.
In-groups
groups to which an individual belongs
out-groups
individual competes or is in opposition
reference groups
group that establish the term by which individuals evalute themselves: to determine how strong of medical school applicant you are, you consider yourself in relation to the refernce group of all medical school applicants.
Primary group
interaction are direct, with close bonds providing warn, personal, and intimate relationship to members.
Secondary group
interactions are superficial, with few emotional bonds.
Gemeinschaft and Gesellschaft
Gemeinschaft
Gesellschaft
Gemeinschaft ( community) refers to groups unified by feelings of togetherness due to shared beliefs, ancestry, or geography. Families and neighborhoods.
Gesellschaft (society): refers to group that are formed b/c of self-interests working together toward the same goals. companies and countries.
Interaction process analysis
technique for observing, classifying, and measuring the interactions within small groups.
system for multiple level observation for groups (SYMLOG)
based on the belief that there are three fundamental dimensions of interaction:
- dominance vs. submission
- friendliness vs. unfriendliness
- instrumentally controlled vs. emotionally expressive
Immediate networks
Distant networks
Immediate networks: dense with strong ties ( friends)
Distant networks: looser and contain weaker ties (acquaintances)
Organizations
set up to achieve specific goals and are characterized by having a structure and a culture. (school, companies, music groups, sport teams)
Bureaucracy
rational system of political organization, administration, dicipline, and control
Iron law of oligarchy
states that democratic or bureaucratic systems naturally shift to being ruled by and elite group.
McDonaldization
commonly used to refer shift in focus toward efficiency, predictability, calcuability, and control of societies.
Basic model of emotional expression
Darvin stated that emotional expression involves a number of components: facial expression, behaviors, postures, vocal changes and physiological changes.
Social construction model
assumes that there is no biological basis for emotions. It is based on experiences and the situational context.
Display rules
unspoken rules that govern the expression of emotions
Cultural syndrome
shared of set of beliefs, norms, values, and behaviors organized around a central theme, as is found among people sharing the same language and geography.
Impression management
refers to our attempts to influence how other percieve us
Authentic self
Ideal self
Tactical self
Authentic: describes who the person actually is
Ideal: who we would like to be under optimal circumstances
Tactical: who we market ourselves to be when we adhere to others expections of us.
Self-disclosure
Giving info about oneself to establish an identity.
Disclosing that you are premed student
Managing appearances
using props, appearance, emotional expression or associations to create positive image.
( wearing a white coat, keeping calm while dealing with a difficult patient, mentioning associations with important researchers during an interview.
Ingratiation
using flattery or conformity to win over someone else .
Blindly agreeing to someone else’s opinion, complimenting a friend before asking a favor
Aligning actions
making questionable behavior acceptable through excuses.
Justifications for missing deadlines, blaming a bad grade on too little sleep
Alter-casting
Imposing an identity onto another person
Dramaturgical approach
individuals create images of themselves in the same way that actors perform a role in front of an audience.
Front stage- individual is seen by the audience and strives to preserve his image.
Back stage- individiual is not in front of an audience and is free to act outside of his desired image.
Outlining the two parts of the self:
“I”
“Me”
Me- part of the self that is response to the enviornment
(going to school and studying hard) Societal expectation.
I- creative expression of the individual
(studying may not be the only path toward a goal and choosing to find alternative approches)
Intraspecific
communication between same species
Interspecific
communication between differen species
