Social processes, Attitudes, and Behavior (8)

Question 1

Social actions

Answer 1

actions and behaviors that individuals are conscious and performing b/c others are around

Question 2

Social facilitation

Answer 2

people tend to perform better on SIMPLE tasks when in the presence of others

Question 3

Yerkes-Dodson law of social facilitation

Answer 3

presence of others will significantly raise arousal, which enhances the ability to perform tasks one is already good at (simple task)

Question 4

Deindividuation

Answer 4

individuals are in group settings. Individual behaviors can be dramatically different in social environments.

Deindividuation can lead to
(antinormative behavior) - attempts to provide an explanation for violent behavior seen in crowds and riots.

Question 5

Social loafing

Answer 5

the tendency of individuals to put in less effort when in a group setting than individually.

Question 6

Social interaction

Answer 6

explores the wat in which two or more individuals can both shape each other’s behavior.

Question 7

Group polarization

Answer 7

tendency for group to make decisions that are more extreme than the individual ideas and inclinations of the members within the group.

Group polarization explains many real-life scenearios, including policy making, violence, and terrorism.

Question 8

Group think

Answer 8

tendency for groups to make decisions based on ideas and solutions that arise within group without considering outside ideas, given the pressure to conform and remain loyal to the group.

Question 9

Fad

Answer 9

behavior that is transiently viewed as popular and desirable by a large community.

Question 10

Mass hysteria

Answer 10

refers to shared, intense, concern about the threats to society.

Question 11

Cultural assimilation

Answer 11

multiple cultures begin to merge into one, unequal blending of ideas and beliefs

Question 12

Multiculturalism

Answer 12

refers to the idea that multiple cultures should be encourgaged and respected without one culture becoming dominant overall.

Question 13

Subcultures

Answer 13

groups of people within a culture that distinguish themselves from the primary culture to which they belong.

Question 14

Primary socialization

Answer 14

occurs during childhood when we intially learn acceptable actions and attitudes in our society

Question 15

Secondary socialization

Answer 15

process of learning appropriate behavior with smaller sections of the larger society. occurs outside of the home.

Question 16

Anticipatory socialization

Answer 16

process by which a person prepares for future changes in occupations, living situations, or relationship.

Question 17

Resocialization

Answer 17

one discards old behaviors in favor of new ones to make a life change, and can have positive and negative connotations.

Question 18

Norms

Answer 18

societal rules that define the boundaries of acceptable behaviors.

Question 19

sanctions

Answer 19

penalties for misconduct or rewards for appropriate behavior, can be used to maintain social control.

Question 20

taboo

Answer 20

socially unacceptable, disgusting, or rephrensible.

Question 21

Folkways

Answer 21

behavior that considered polite in particular social interactions, such as shaking hands.

Question 22

Stigma

Answer 22

extreme disapproval or dislike of a person or group based on percieved differences from the rest of the society.

Question 23

Deviance

Answer 23

violation of norms, rules, or expectations within a society.

Question 24

Conformity

Answer 24

changing beliefs or behaviors in order to fit into a group or society

Question 25

Compliance:

foot-in-the-door
door-in-the-face
lowball technique
thats-not-all technique

Answer 25

Compliance: individual change their behavior based on the requests of others.

foot in the door: small request is made and after gaining compliance, larger request is made

door in the face: large request is made at first, and if refused a second smaller request is made.

lowball technique: requestor will get an initial commitment from an individual and then raise the cost of the commitment.

thats not at all: individual is made an offer, but before making a decision, is told the deal is even better than she expected. (For $19.99 you will recieve 2 bottles of shampoo, but if you call in 30mins, you will recieve not only those 2 bottles, but also one extra conditioner.)

Question 26

Obedience

Answer 26

one’s behavior in response to direct order from an authority figure.

( Teacher demands that you provide your notes from class to other student, you would be obeying rather than complying).

Question 27

Three types of Attitude (ABC)

Answer 27

A- affective attitude: person feels toward something

B- behavior attitude: person acts with respect to something

C- cognition attitude: attitude towards person thinks about something

Question 28

Functional attitude theory:

• knowledge
• ego expressive
• ego defensive
• adaptive

Answer 28

Knowledge: helps provide organization to thoughts and experiences

Ego expressive: allowing us to communicate and solidfy self-identity

Ego defensive: protect our self-esteem or justify actions that we know are wrong

Adaptation: one will be accepted if socially acceptable attitudes are expressed.

Question 29

Elaboration likelihood model:

• Central route processing
• Peripheral route processing

Answer 29

separates individuals on a continuum based on their proccesing of persuasive info.

Central route (High elobaration) : scrutinizing and analzying the content of persuvasive info

Peripheral route (Low elobaration) : focuses on superficial details of persuvasive info, such as apperances, catchphrases, and slogans and credibility.

Question 30

Social cognitive theory

Answer 30

people learn how to behave and shape attitudes by observing the behaviors of others.

Question 31

Three interactive factors of Bandura’s triadic reciprocal causation.

Answer 31

Behavioral factor
Enviornmental factor
Personal factor

Question 32

Differential association theory

Answer 32

deviance can be learned through interactions with others.

“ fallen into the wrong group”

Question 33

Strain theory

Answer 33

attempts to explain deviance as a natural reaction to the disconnect between social goals and social structure.