Social processes, Attitudes, and Behavior (8) Flashcards
Social actions
actions and behaviors that individuals are conscious and performing b/c others are around
Social facilitation
people tend to perform better on SIMPLE tasks when in the presence of others
Yerkes-Dodson law of social facilitation
presence of others will significantly raise arousal, which enhances the ability to perform tasks one is already good at (simple task)
Deindividuation
individuals are in group settings. Individual behaviors can be dramatically different in social environments.
Deindividuation can lead to
(antinormative behavior) - attempts to provide an explanation for violent behavior seen in crowds and riots.
Social loafing
the tendency of individuals to put in less effort when in a group setting than individually.
Social interaction
explores the wat in which two or more individuals can both shape each other’s behavior.
Group polarization
tendency for group to make decisions that are more extreme than the individual ideas and inclinations of the members within the group.
Group polarization explains many real-life scenearios, including policy making, violence, and terrorism.
Group think
tendency for groups to make decisions based on ideas and solutions that arise within group without considering outside ideas, given the pressure to conform and remain loyal to the group.
Fad
behavior that is transiently viewed as popular and desirable by a large community.
Mass hysteria
refers to shared, intense, concern about the threats to society.
Cultural assimilation
multiple cultures begin to merge into one, unequal blending of ideas and beliefs
Multiculturalism
refers to the idea that multiple cultures should be encourgaged and respected without one culture becoming dominant overall.
Subcultures
groups of people within a culture that distinguish themselves from the primary culture to which they belong.
Primary socialization
occurs during childhood when we intially learn acceptable actions and attitudes in our society
Secondary socialization
process of learning appropriate behavior with smaller sections of the larger society. occurs outside of the home.
Anticipatory socialization
process by which a person prepares for future changes in occupations, living situations, or relationship.
Resocialization
one discards old behaviors in favor of new ones to make a life change, and can have positive and negative connotations.
Norms
societal rules that define the boundaries of acceptable behaviors.
sanctions
penalties for misconduct or rewards for appropriate behavior, can be used to maintain social control.
taboo
socially unacceptable, disgusting, or rephrensible.
Folkways
behavior that considered polite in particular social interactions, such as shaking hands.
Stigma
extreme disapproval or dislike of a person or group based on percieved differences from the rest of the society.
Deviance
violation of norms, rules, or expectations within a society.
Conformity
changing beliefs or behaviors in order to fit into a group or society
Compliance:
foot-in-the-door
door-in-the-face
lowball technique
thats-not-all technique
Compliance: individual change their behavior based on the requests of others.
foot in the door: small request is made and after gaining compliance, larger request is made
door in the face: large request is made at first, and if refused a second smaller request is made.
lowball technique: requestor will get an initial commitment from an individual and then raise the cost of the commitment.
thats not at all: individual is made an offer, but before making a decision, is told the deal is even better than she expected. (For $19.99 you will recieve 2 bottles of shampoo, but if you call in 30mins, you will recieve not only those 2 bottles, but also one extra conditioner.)
Obedience
one’s behavior in response to direct order from an authority figure.
( Teacher demands that you provide your notes from class to other student, you would be obeying rather than complying).
Three types of Attitude (ABC)
A- affective attitude: person feels toward something
B- behavior attitude: person acts with respect to something
C- cognition attitude: attitude towards person thinks about something
Functional attitude theory:
- knowledge
- ego expressive
- ego defensive
- adaptive
Knowledge: helps provide organization to thoughts and experiences
Ego expressive: allowing us to communicate and solidfy self-identity
Ego defensive: protect our self-esteem or justify actions that we know are wrong
Adaptation: one will be accepted if socially acceptable attitudes are expressed.
Elaboration likelihood model:
- Central route processing
- Peripheral route processing
separates individuals on a continuum based on their proccesing of persuasive info.
Central route (High elobaration) : scrutinizing and analzying the content of persuvasive info
Peripheral route (Low elobaration) : focuses on superficial details of persuvasive info, such as apperances, catchphrases, and slogans and credibility.
Social cognitive theory
people learn how to behave and shape attitudes by observing the behaviors of others.
Three interactive factors of Bandura’s triadic reciprocal causation.
Behavioral factor
Enviornmental factor
Personal factor
Differential association theory
deviance can be learned through interactions with others.
“ fallen into the wrong group”
Strain theory
attempts to explain deviance as a natural reaction to the disconnect between social goals and social structure.
