Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Behavorial Science > Identity and Personality (chapter 6) > Flashcards

Identity and Personality (chapter 6) Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Self-Concept

A

the sum of all of the phrases that come to mind when we think of who we are, who we used to be, and who we may become in the future.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Identity

A

describes a set of behaviors and labels we take on when in a specific group

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Gender Identity

A

describes a person’s appraisal of him or herself on the scale of masculinity and femininity.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Androgyny

A

state of being simultaneously very masculine and very feminine.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

gender schema

A

hold that key component of gender identity are transmitted through cultural and societal means

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Ethnic identity

A

refers to one’s ethnic group, in which members typically share a common ancestry, cultural heritage, and language.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

National identity

A

determined by birth, political borders of where one lives, and the cultural identity of that nation.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Hierarchy of salience

A

we let the situation dictate which identity holds the most important for us at any given moment`

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Self-discrepancy theory

A

maintains that each of us has three selves

actual self: the way we see ourselves as we currently are
ideal self: person we would like to be

ought self: our representive of the way others think we should be

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Self-efficacy

A

belief in our ability to succeed. When self-efficacy is too high it can lead to overconfidence.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Locus of control

  • Internal locus
  • External locus
A

the way we characterize the influences in our lives

Internal locus: view themselves as controlling their own fate ( I failed b/c i didnt study hard)

External locus: feel that the events in their lives are caused by luck or outside influences. ( I failed b/c of my bad luck or b/c the test was difficult)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Sigmund Freud: Psychosexual Development

A

He believed that libidinal energy creates internal tension, which we aim to reduce through certain behaviors. [ libido = sex drive or sexual desire ]

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Freud’s five stages of psychosexual development

A

Fixation - occurs when a child is overindulged or overly frustrated during a stage of development.

  • oral stage
  • anal stage
  • phallic or oedipal stage
  • latency stage
  • genital stage
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Oral stage (Frued)

A

(0 to 1 year) gratification is obtained primarily by putting objects into the mouth, biting, and sucking. Libidinal energy is centered on the mouth.

Fixation can lead to excessive dependency

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Anal stage (Frued)

A

(1 to 3 years) Toilet training occurs during this time.Libidio is centered on the the anus.

Fixation can lead to excessive orderliness or messiness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Phallic or oedipal stage (Frued)

A

(3 to 5 years) centers on resolution of the oedipal conflict for male children or the analogous electra conflict for female children.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Latency stage (Frued)

A

(last until puberty is reached) Libidio is largely sublimated during this stage.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Genital stage (Frued)

A

(begins at puberty) if pervious stages have been successfully resolved, the person will enter into normal heterosexual relationship

If sexual traumas of childhood have not been resolved, such behaviors as homosexuality, asexuality, fetishism may result.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Erikson: Psychosocial development

A

stages of personality development are based on series of crises that derive from conflicts between needs and social demands.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Trust vs mistrust (0 to 1 year)

A

Trust: child will come to trust his enviornment and himself.

Mistrust: will often be suspicious of the world

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Autonomy vs Shame and doubtful (1 to 3 years)

A

Autonomy: feeling able to exert control over the world and to exercise choice as well as self-restraint

Shame and doubtful: sense of doubt and a persistent exernal locus of control

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Initiative vs. guilt (3 to 6 years)

A

Intiative: sense of purpose, the ability to initate activites, and ability to enjoy accomplishment.

Guilt: overcome by the fear of punishment that the child may either unduly restrict himself or may overcompensate by showing off

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Industry vs. Inferiority (6 to 12 years)

A

Industry: child will feel competent, be able to exercise his or her abilities and intelligence in the world and be able to affect the world.

Inferiority: sense of inadequacy, a sense of inability to act in a competent manner and low self-esteem.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Identity vs. role confusion (12 to 20)

This stage termed as physiological revolution

A

Identity: ability to see oneself as a unique and integrated person with sustained loyalities.

Role confusion: confusion about one’s identity and an amorphous personality that shifts from day to day

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

intimacy vs. isolation (20 to 40)

A

Intimacy: outcomes of love, ability to have intimate relationship with others.

Isolation: avoidance of commitment,alienation and distancing of oneself from others and one’s ideals.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Generativity vs Stagnation (40 to 65)

A

Generativity: individual capable of being a productive, caring, and contributing member of society.

Stagnation: one acquires a sense of stagnation and may become self-indulgent, bored, and self-centered with little care of others

27
Q

Integrity vs. Despair (above 65)

A

Integrity: wisom, detached concern with life itself, with assurance in the meaning of life, diginity, acceptance that one’s life has been worthwhile, readiness to face death.

Despair: feeling of bitterness about one’s life, a feeling that life has been worthless, fear over one’s own impending death.

28
Q

Kohlberg: Moral reasoning

A

Kohlberg’s theory of personality development focuses on development of moral thinking.

Theory contains Three phases and six stages

Phase 1 : Preconventional morality
Phase 2 : Conventional morality
Phase 3 : Postconventional morality

29
Q

Preconventional morality

A

preadolescent thinking and places an emphasis on the consequences of the moral choices.

Obedience (stage 1) : concered with avoiding punishment ( If i steal the drug, I’ll go to jail)

Self-interest (stage 2) : often called instrumental relativist stage, it is based on the concepts of reciprocity and sharing. (I’ll scratch your back, you scratch mine)

30
Q

Conventional morality

A

Adolscence to adulthood. Begin to see themselves in terms of their relationships to others. Understanding and accepting social rules

Conformity (Stage 3) : emphasis on the “good boy or nice girl” in which person seeks the approval of others. (I should not steal the drug b/c stealing is wrong)

Law and order (stage 4) : maintains the social order in the highest regard. (if everyone stole things, people who produce those items would not be able to continue their business)

31
Q

Postconventional morality

A

Adulthood. describes a level of reasoning

Social contract (stage 5): views moral rules as conventions that are designed to ensure the greater good, with reasoning focused on individual rights. ( Everyone has right to live; businesses have a right to profit from their product).

Universal human ethics (Stage 6): reasons that decisions should be made in consideration of abstract principles. ( It is wrong for one person to hold another’s life for ransom).

32
Q

Psychoanalytic

A

personality is the result of unconscious urges and desires

33
Q

Humanistic

A

personality comes from conscious feeling about oneself resulting from healthy striving for self-realization

34
Q

Type

A

personalities are set of distinct qualities and dispositons into which people can be grouped

35
Q

Trait

A

personalities are assembled from having different degrees of certain qualities and dispositions.

36
Q

Id , ego , superego

A

Id: unconscious basic urges and desires
Superego: sense of perfectonism and idealism
Ego: mediates the anxieties caused by id and superego by using defense mechanisms.

37
Q

Repression

A

unconsciously removing an idea or feeling from consciousness

Man who survived 6 months in concentration camp cannot recall anything about his life during that period of time

38
Q

Supression

A

consciously removing an idea or feeling from consciousness.

ill cancer patient puts aside his anexity to enjoy a family gathering

39
Q

Regression

A

Returning to an earlier stage of development

A husband speaks to his wife in “ baby talks” when telling her bad news

40
Q

Reaction formation

A

unaccepted impulse is transformed into its opposition

two coworkers fight all the timne b/c they are actually very attracted to each other

41
Q

Projection

A

Attribution of wishes desires, thoughts, or emotions to someone else

(A man who has commited adultry is convinced his wife is cheating on him, despite a lack of evidence)

42
Q

Rationalization

A

Justification of attitudes, beliefs, or behaviors

A murderer who claims that, while killing is wrong, his victim “deserved it”

43
Q

Displacement

A

changing the target of an emotion, while the feeling remain the same

(When sent to his room as a punishment, a child begins to punch and kick his pillow)

44
Q

Sublimation

A

channeling of an unacceptable impulse in a socially acceptable direction

( A boss who is attracted to his employee becomes her mentor and advisor)

45
Q

Carl Jung

A

identified the ego as the conscious mind and he divided into two parts

  • personal unconscious: similar to Frued’s notion of unconscious
  • collective unconscious: links all humans together. Its building blocks are image of common experience, such as having mother and father.

Jung believed personality as being influenced by archetype

46
Q

Jungian archetype:

  • Persona
  • Anima
  • Animus
  • Shadow
A
  • Persona: the aspect of our personality we present to the world
  • Anima: feminine behavior in man. man’s inner woman
  • Animus: man behavior in female. woman’s inner man
  • Shadow: unpleasent and socially reprehensible thoughts, feelings, and actions in our consciousness
47
Q

Jung described three dichotomies of personality:

A
  • Extraversion (E, orientation of outside world) vs. introversion (I orientation of inner, personal world)
  • Sensing (S, obtaining objective information about the world) vs. intuiting (N, working with information abstractly)
  • Thinking (T, using logic and reason) vs. feeling (F, using value system or personal belief)
48
Q

Myers-Briggs Type Inventory (MBTI)

A

classical personality test. Each of Jung’s three dichotomies and fourth - Judging (J, perferring orderliness) vs. percieving (P, perferring spontaneity) is labelled as a specific personality test.

49
Q

Adler’s inferiority complex

A

and individual’s sense of incompleteness, imperfection, and inferiority both physically and socially.

According to Adler, striving for supeiority drives the personality.

50
Q

Adler’s theory of creative self and style of life

A

creative self- individual shapes his uniqueness and establishes his personality
style of life- describes a person’s unique way of achieving superiority. family enviornment is crucial in molding the person’s style of life

51
Q

fictional finalism

A

individual is motivated more by his expectation of the future than by past experience.

52
Q

Basic anexity

Basic hostility

A

Basic anexity- inadequate parenting can cause vulnearability and helplessness.
Basic hostility- neglect and rejection cause anger

To overcome basic anexity and hostility, child must use these three strategies:

  • moving toward people to obtain the goodwill of people who provides security
  • moving against people, or fighting them to obtain the upper hand
  • moving away or withdrawing from people.
53
Q

Reciprocal determinism

A

idea that our thoughts, feelings, behaviors and enviornment all interact with each other to determine our actions in a given situation.

54
Q

Vygotsky’s Zone of proximal development

A

skills and abilities that have not yet fully developed but are in the process of development. Gaining these skills requires the help of a more knowledgeable other like a teacher.

55
Q

Carl Rodgers (Humanistic)

A

believed that people have freedom to control their own behavior and are neither slaves to unconscious nor subjects of faulty learning.

56
Q

Type theorists

A

attempt to create taxonomy personality types

57
Q

Trait theorists

A

Prefer to describe individual personality as the sum of a person’s characteristic behaviors.

58
Q

Type A

A

personalities are characterized by behavior that tend to competitive and compulsive.

59
Q

Type B

A

generally laid back and relaxed

60
Q

Allport

listed 3 Basic types of traits

  • Cardinal Trait
  • Central Trait
  • Secondary Trait
A

Cardinal trait –> (Not all have this trait) Person organizes his or her life. Self- sacrifice

Central trait –> personality that are easy to infer. Honesty and charisma

Secondary trait –> more personal characteristics and are limited in occurance.

61
Q

Eyesenck

described three traits in PEN model

  • Phsychotism
  • Extraversion
  • Neurotism
A

Physchotism –> non-conformity or social deviance

Extraversion –> measure of tolerance for social interaction and stimulation

Neurotism –> measure of emotional arousal in stressful situations.

62
Q

Big 5 traits of Personality

OCEAN

A 
O: openness
C: conscientiousness
E: extraversion
A: agreeableness
N: neuroticism
63
Q

David McClelland

A

identified a personality trait that is referred to as a need for achievement (N-Ach)

Higher N-Ach = concerened with achievement and pride in their accomplishment.

Behavorial Science (12 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions