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social psychology Flashcards

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1
Q

social psychology

A

the study of psychology within the context of social or interpersonal interactions

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2
Q

social identities

A

identities placed upon individuals by others

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3
Q

personal identities

A

identities individuals form themselves

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4
Q

culture

A

a common set of beliefs, behaviors, and values passed through generations

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5
Q

intersectionality

A

when an individual has overlapping identities

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6
Q

primary group

A

the closest group that individuals create with one another
-family and close friends

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7
Q

secondary group

A

groups of friend and acquaintances who have shared values/interests

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8
Q

in-groups

A

“us” - individuals we share an identity with

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9
Q

out-groups

A

“them” - those we do not share an identity with and view as separate from “us”

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10
Q

ethnocentrism

A

holding the belief that one’s own in-group is better than those of another’s

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11
Q

cultural relativism

A

idea that the beliefs of one’s in-group may be different than those of another, but that they are not necessarily better or worse

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12
Q

assimilation

A

the process of adopting ones culture to fit in with an in-group

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13
Q

culture shock

A

the way in which behaviors can be seen differently across cultures

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14
Q

cultural lag

A

the time it takes for cultures to catch up to technological innovations or practices

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15
Q

multiculturalism

A

when individuals keep elements of their own culture and take on elements from their new culture

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16
Q

role conflict

A

when two or more roles are at odds with each other

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17
Q

role strain

A

strain being caused by multiple goals/responsibilties within a singular role

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18
Q

role exit

A

occurs when a person leaves behind a role to take on another

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19
Q

social institutions

A

designed to promote and transmit social norms to members through a variety of constructs
ex: family, religion, government, school, etc

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20
Q

institutionalized discrimination

A

unfair treatment of certain groups by organizations

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21
Q

availability

A

whether or not something exists for a person to use

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22
Q

accessibility

A

whether or not a person can actually use the resources available to them

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23
Q

irving jarvis

A

coined the term “group think”

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24
Q

groupthink

A

when group harmony is prioritized over the better judgment of the group

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25
Q

mindguard

A

someone in the group who critcizies or ostracizes members of the group who disagree with the rest

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26
Q

social facilitation

A

when performance increases in the presence of others
-easy tasks due to the high arousal

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27
Q

social inhibition

A

when performance decreases in the presence of others

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28
Q

social loafing

A

reduced effort group members put into a shared task due to sheer size of the group
-(no one works on the group project)

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29
Q

group polarization

A

group’s opinions and actions become more extreme than if they were individual
-being around people who agree with you strengthens opinions

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30
Q

peer pressure

A

when an individual feels unduly influenced by their peers to engage in behaviors they otherwise would not

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31
Q

GRIT

A

graduated and reciprocated initiatives in tension reduction

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32
Q

dispositional attribution

A

assumes the cause of behavior/outcome is internal

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33
Q

situational attribution

A

assumes the cause of behavior/outcome is external

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34
Q

self-serving bias

A

sees the cause of actions as internal when positive outcomes and sees them as external when there’s negative outcomes

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35
Q

fundamental attribution error

A

the tendency when judging others to overestimate dispositional attributes and underestimate situational attributes

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36
Q

self-fulfilling prophecy

A

having expectations about an individual that influences your behavior towards them, which in turn influences the way the individual behaves toward you.

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37
Q

rosenthal effect

A

self fufilling prophecy in educational settings

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38
Q

interpersonal attraction

A

the tendency to positively evaluate a person and then to gravitate toward that person

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39
Q

positive evalutation

A

we like to be positively evaluated and therefore like to prefer the company of those who hold us in a higher regard

40
Q

shared opinions are the basis for

A

interpersonal attraction

41
Q

deindividuation

A

tendency to lose one’s self control in a mob mentality

42
Q

mere exposure effect

A

the idea we become more fond of things we have been repeated exposed to

43
Q

conformity

A

the modification of behavior to make it agree with that of a group

44
Q

compliance

A

the propensity to abide by the requests of others even at the expense of your own interests

45
Q

solomon asch

A

performed asch-line experiment

46
Q

reciprocity

A

creating the appearance that you are giving someone something order to induce that person to comply with your wishes

47
Q

foot-in-the-door phenomenon

A

making small request followed by a big request

48
Q

door-in-the-face phenomenon

A

making a big request followed by a small request

49
Q

inoculation hypothesis

A

when someone has been exposed to a weak argument and is inoculated to further attempts to get them to comply

50
Q

psychological reactance

A

when someone feels that they are being forced against their own will

51
Q

why do people resist complience

A

-psychological reactance
-inoculation

52
Q

obedience

A

listening to orders from someone in a position of authority

53
Q

stanley milgram

A

performed milgram shock experiment

54
Q

leon festinger

A

studied cognitive dissonance and came to the conclusion that people are likely to alter their attitudes to fit their behavior

55
Q

attitude

A

a combination of affective/emotional and cognitive/perceptual reactions to stimuli

56
Q

cognitive dissonance

A

occurs when attitudes and behaviors contradict each other

57
Q

persuasion

A

the process by which a person or group can influence the attitudes of others

58
Q

elaboration likelihood model

A

more likely to elaborate and use central route if we like the thing of interest

59
Q

message characteristics

A

the features of the message such as logic and key points in the argument

60
Q

source characteristics

A

the person or group delivering the message’s characteristics such as expertise, knowledge, and trustworthiness

61
Q

target characteristics

A

characteristics of person receiving the message like intelligence, mood, self esteem

62
Q

central route

A

the content of the argument and key points

63
Q

peripheral route

A

focusing on superficial or secondary characteristics

64
Q

altruism

A

the self sacrificing regard for putting others first

65
Q

bystander effect

A

an expectation that people will help those dependent upon them

66
Q

diffusion of responsibility

A

passing on responsibility to others when in a group setting

67
Q

equity theory

A

proposes a view whereby workers compare their efforts and rewards

68
Q

human factors research

A

focuses on improving human-machine interaction

69
Q

hawthorne effect

A

workers being monitored for any reason work more efficiently and productively

70
Q

antisocial behavior

A

behavior that is harmful to society or others

71
Q

prejudice

A

a negative attitude toward members of a particular group without evidentiary backing

72
Q

aggression

A

behavior directed towards another with the intention of causing harm

73
Q

discrimination

A

taking action based on prejudiced views

74
Q

stereotypes

A

our mental prototypes of people

75
Q

outgroup homogenity

A

idea that every member of a group other than our own is similar

76
Q

illusory correlation

A

seeing a relationship between two things that doesn’t exist

77
Q

hostile aggression

A

emotional and impulsive sourced by pain and stress

78
Q

instrumental aggression

A

aggression committed to gain something of value

79
Q

contact hypothesis

A

groups with stereotypes about each other would lose these stereotypes if they met each other

80
Q

albert bandura

A

demonstrated that aggression is a strongly learned behavior

81
Q

dehumanization

A

viewing the victims of violence as less than human

82
Q

Philip zimbardo

A

performed standford prison experiment

83
Q

superordinate goals

A

shared goals that override differences among people and require their cooperation

84
Q

Mirror-image perceptions

A

mutual views often held by conflicting people, as when each side sees itself as ethical and peaceful and views the other side as evil and aggressive.

85
Q

Social trap

A

a situation in which the conflicting parties, by each rationally pursuing their self-interest, become caught in mutually destructive behavior

86
Q

Social exchange theory

A

the theory that our social behavior is an exchange process, the aim of which is to maximize benefits and minimize costs

87
Q

Social-responsibility norm

A

an expectation that people will help those dependent upon them

88
Q

Frustration-aggression principle

A

the principle that frustration—the blocking of an attempt to achieve some goal—creates anger, which can generate aggression

89
Q

Halo Effect

A

desirable personality traits are ascribed to people we deem to be attract.

90
Q

Passionate love

A

physical arousal + cognitive appraisal

91
Q

Compassionate love

A

deep affectionate attachment

92
Q

Scapegoat theory

A

the theory that prejudice offers an outlet for anger by providing someone to blame.

93
Q

Upward Social Comparison

A

occurs when people compare themselves to someone they perceive to be superior

94
Q

Downward Social Comparison

A

is defined by making a comparison with someone perceived to be inferior

95
Q

confirmation bias

A

the tendency of individuals to support or search for information that aligns with their opinions and ignore information that doesn’t

ap psych (13 decks)

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