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ap psych > clinical psychology part i > Flashcards

clinical psychology part i Flashcards

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1
Q

psychopathology

A

any pattern of emotions or behaviors inappropriate to the situation and leading to personal distress or the inability to achieve important goals

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2
Q

psychological disorder

A

persistently harmful thoughts feelings and actions

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3
Q

4D’s of psychological disorders

A

-deviant
-distressful
-dysfunctional
-dangerous

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4
Q

indicators of abnormality

A

maladaptiveness, irrationality, unpredictability, undesirable behavior

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5
Q

neurobiological model

A

when physiological factors influence behavior

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6
Q

neurobiological causes

A

-genetic or biological defects
-chemical imbalances in the brain

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7
Q

neurobiological treatment

A

prescribing medications such as antidepressant drugs

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8
Q

behavioral model

A

behavior is learned by rewards and punishments and associations

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9
Q

behavioral causes

A

bad behaviors are learned

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10
Q

behavioral treatment

A

focus on eliminating unwanted behavior

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11
Q

cognitive model

A

how we think of a situation influences our behavior and the current thoughts we are aware of

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12
Q

cognitive causes

A

abnormal or irrational thoughts cause abnormal behavior

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13
Q

cognitive treatment

A

strategies to change abnormal thoughts

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14
Q

humanistic model

A

problems arise when feelings and perceptions are denied

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15
Q

humanistic causes

A

person has lost sight of one’s own feelings, goals, perception of the self

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16
Q

humanistic treatment

A

emphasize the individual’s ability to help himself with some assistance

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17
Q

psychoanalytic model

A

stresses the influence of the unconscious fears, desires, and motivations on thoughts and behaviors

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18
Q

psychoanalytic causes

A

unconscious conflicts that have been repressed

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19
Q

treatment

A

psychoanalysis - probing the unconscious mind to identify unconscious conflicts so that they can be resolved

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20
Q

medical model

A

view that mental disorders were diseases of the mind that have objective causes and treatment
-biological approach

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21
Q

philippe pinel

A

had idea that mental illness needed to be diagnosed on basis of symptoms and cured through therapy

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22
Q

general anxiety disorder

A

a psychological problem where persistent and pervasive feelings of anxiety occur without any eternal cause

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23
Q

panic disorder

A

a disturbance marked by unpredictable episodes of intense dread where a person my experience terror, chest pains, choking among other symptoms.

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24
Q

Ataque de nervios

A

disorder than resembles panic disorder but is seen in Latin-Mediterranean and Latin-American cultures

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25
Q

agoraphobia

A

panic that develops when people find themselves in situations from which they cannot easily escape

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26
Q

phobias

A

a persistent and irrational fear associated with a specific object, activity, or situation

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27
Q

specific phobia

A

phobias with specific triggers
-ex: spiders

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28
Q

social phobia

A

shyness taken to the exterme

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29
Q

taijin kyofusho

A

japanese version of social phobia but it’s the fear that people are judging their bodies as undesirable and unpleansant

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30
Q

preparedness hypothesis

A

this theory suggest we carry and innot tendency to respond quickly and autmatica to similar that posed a survial theater tour ancestors
-explaisn why we fear snakes and lightning more than electrical outlets and cars

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31
Q

Anterior cingulate cortex

A

monitors actions and checks for errors, hyperactive in patients with OCD

32
Q

obsessive compulsive disorder

A

performing compulsive rituals to relieve anxious tension

33
Q

ptsd

A

reliving traumatic event through memories and dreams

34
Q

hypervigilance

A

the experience of being in a high state of alert

35
Q

flashbacks

A

a vivid experience in which you relieve some aspects of a traumatic event

36
Q

two common depressive disorders

A

-major depression
-bipolar disorder

37
Q

major depression

A

-a form of depression that doesn’t alternate with mania
-lasts a prolonged period of time

38
Q

causes of depression

A

-genetic dispositions
-serotonin deficiency
-low self esteem

39
Q

cognitive approach to depression

A

negative thinking styles are learned and modifiable

40
Q

3 main causes of increasing depression

A

-out of control individualism/self centeredness
-culture of victimology
-the self esteem movement

41
Q

persisent depressive disorder

A

depression/depressive mood for 2+ years

42
Q

bipolar disorders

A

a disorder in which a person alternates between the hopelessness of depression and overexcited state of mania

43
Q

bipolar I

A

has more severe highs of mania and may not have depressive episodes

44
Q

bipolar II

A

experience hypomania (less severe highs) and depressive episodes

45
Q

manic episode

A

a sudden rapidly escalating emotional state

46
Q

schizophrenia

A

a group of severe disorders characterized by disorganized and delusional thinking, disturbed perceptions, and inappropriate emotions/actions

47
Q

positive symptoms

A

inappropriate behaviors that are present

48
Q

negative symptoms

A

appropriate behaviors that are not present

49
Q

disorganized thinking

A

false beliefs, often of persecution or granduer that may accompany psychotic disorders

50
Q

catatonia

A

remain motionless for hours then become agitated

51
Q

flat affect

A

emotionless state

52
Q

chronic/process schizophrenia

A

slow-developing, recovery is doubtful

53
Q

acute/reactive schizophrenia

A

when previous well adjusted people develop schizophrenia rapidly following life stresses
-recovery is more likely

54
Q

neurodevelopmental disorders

A

autism and adhd

55
Q

somatoform disorders

A

psychological problems appearing in the form of bodily symptoms such as weakness or excessive worry about disease

56
Q

conversion disorder

A

a disorder marked by paralysis or loss of sensation with no discernible physical cause

57
Q

illness anxiety disordr

A

worried about health and disease and getting sick
-response is mostly cognitive

58
Q

somatic symptom disorder

A

symptoms already present, mostly cognitive distress about them

59
Q

factitious disorder

A

pretend to have symptoms for no real personal gain

60
Q

glove anesthesia

A

a conversion where a person can’t feel their hand
-neurologically impossible to only not feel hand due to wiring of neurons

61
Q

dissociative disorders

A

a group of pathologies involving the fragmentation of the personality
-some parts of the personality become detached

62
Q

dissociative amnesia

A

a psychologically induced loss of memory of personal information
-like forgetting one’s identity

63
Q

dissociative fugue

A

a combination of fugue, or “flight” and amnesia
-heavy use of alcohol may predispose a person to this

64
Q

dissociative identity disorder

A

a condition where an individual displays multiple identities or personalities

65
Q

anorexia nervosa

A

an eating disorder that causes a persistent loss of appetite that endangers an individual’s health

66
Q

bulimia nervosa

A

An eating disorder characterized by binges and purges

67
Q

Binge Eating Disorder

A

An eating disorder characterized by a binge without purge

68
Q

cluster A personality disorders

A

disruption in relationships
-paranoid
-schizoid
-schizotypal

69
Q

schizoid

A

detachment from social relationships
-flat effect

70
Q

schizotypal

A

acute discomfort with close relationships and consistent withdrawal

71
Q

cluster B personality disorders

A

dramatic and erratic behavior
-antisocial
-histrionic
-narcissistic
-borderline

72
Q

borderline personality disorder

A

pattern of instability of self image and interpersonal relationships, fear of abandonment, emotional extremes, anxiety and depression accompany

73
Q

histrionic

A

a pattern of excessive emotionality and attention seeking, extremes in emotion, comes off as immature.

74
Q

cluster C personality disorders

A

share anxiety, worry, fear
-dependent
-avoidant
-ocd

75
Q

dependent personality disorder

A

anxiety about other people detaching from them

76
Q

avoidant personality disorder

A

anxiety comes from feelings of not feeling good enough

ap psych (13 decks)

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