Social psychological exp F-A Hypothesis of aggression Flashcards
who proposed the Frustration-Aggression Hypothesis (F-A Hypothesis)
Dollard 1939
suggesting aggression is Always a consequence of frustration
what are the two situations that cause frustration - one causes Aggression more than the other
justified situations
unjustified situation (cause aggression)
who suggested that only unjustified frustration may lead to aggression
Pastore 1952
what appproach/ concept is the F-A hypothesis based on
Psychodynamic concept of catharsis
what are the 3 causes that the hypothesis suggests - due to the fact it recognises that Aggression is not always expressed directly against the source of frustration
- cause is abstract (economic situ)
- Cause may be too powerful and there is a risk of being Aggression back at it
- cause may be unavailable at the time
what do the three causes, lead to
our Aggression being displaced onto an alternative one (younger sibling)
name the researcher who developed a revised hypothesis in 1989 from dollard’s research
Berkowitz - revised the frustration- aggression hypothesis
- argues frustration is only one type of unpleasant experiences
that leads to Aggression - these unpleasant experiences lead to the ‘negative effect’ on a person and creates uncomfortable feelings
- these feelings he argues is what triggers aggression
what did Bertowitz use an example
eg. things that interfere with a goal that isn’t anticipated to achieve BUT instead there was an aversive experience
what are the 2 criticisms of the og F-A Hypothesis theory
- Harris suggested that frustration is high when
- a goal is near but you’re prevented from it
- the interruption is unexpected
-the interruption is unjustified - times where you have been aggressive but not out of frustration
- following orders
- learning of aggression
this criticism led to Bertowitz proposing his negative affect hypothesis, through modifying Dollard’s og hypothesis
AO3
strength of F-A hypothesis
Real life application RS- football
P- Strength of F-A Hypothesis is there’s real life application from research- increases validity
E- Priks 2010 did research on football teams where the fans exectations do not align with the teams performance
E- increased aggression due to teams poor performance- fans did not expect- leads to more fights with opposing fans
L- Therefore, applys to real life situ which supports the theory and shows what happens as a result of build up of negative effect
AO3 weakness of F-A Hypothesis
Criticism arguing not all aggression is from frustration
There’s research support for this criticism
P- Criticism arguing not all aggression is from frustration
E- RS for criticism - Bertowitz revised hypothesis- other unpleasant experiences (temp, pain) –> negative affect and uncomfortable feelings –> results in aggression
E- eg. baseball as temp increases the pitchers get more aggression to the batters
L- Provides support for Bertowitz revised theory which critics the og theory that doesn’t consider other factors
AO3 weakness to F-A Hypothesis
Lack of RS for Dollard
P- Lack of research support for Dollard
E- Research that contradicts Dollard’s research for the claims on the concept of catharsis reduces aggression
E- findings suggest releasing aggressive behaviour encourages it in the future due to it keeping the brain active
L- therefore, Bushman’s findings contradict directly to Dollards claims on catharsis
AO3 weakness of F-A Hypothesis
Not enough supporting evidence by itself
P- This hypothesis isn’t enough supporting evidence on its own
E- Research by Bertowitz suggests frustration causes anger, but only if an environmental stimulus is present
E- eg. missing a goal attempt, but only aggressive after a person shouts at you saying it was a bad shot
L- Therefore, adding the importance of environmental cues tot he hypothesis, which does increase it’s validity
