Biopsych- nervous system and endocrine system Flashcards
Define what is meant by the human nervous system
What do the nerve cells process and where do they direct it do and through what transmission
The Human Nervous System is a body wide system of nerve cells, that collect information from the world.
These nerve cells: process info and take action by directing this info to the organs and muscle, through the transmission of electro-chemical messages
Name the two functions of the nervous system
- A function of the NS is to collect, process and respond to information in the surrounding environment
- Another function of the NS is to coordinate the organs and cells in the body
There’s two parts of the CNS
what are they
Brain
Spinal cord
what are the 2 roles of the CNS
one function of the CNS is it controls human behaviour and another is the that it regulates the body’s physiological processes
what is the function of the 1st section the CNS: the brain
how many lobes does it consist of
what connect the brain to the 2nd section of the CNS, and what does that section control
-The brain’s function in the CNS provides conscious awareness and is involved in all psychological processes
-5 lobes to make up the brain
-And the brain stem connects the brain to the spinal cord to control involuntary movements
name the 5 lobes of the brain
visual info- Occipital lobe
auditory info- Temporal lobe
SPATIAL NAVIGATION- parietal lobe
logic and reasoning that are high order functions - frontal lobe
What are the functions of the spinal cord
function of the spinal cord it to transfer messages from and to the brain and the rest of the body
as well as responsible for simple reflex actions eg. hand coming off a hot pan
The NS is split into two the
CNS and the …………..
PNS
peripheral nervous system
What is the PNS’ function
the PNS is all the nerves outside of the CNS
function is to relay nerve impulses from the CNS to the rest of the body and back
what is the PNS split into
what are the functions of both NS’
what do they contain in terms of receptors and pathways
The Somatic NS
- Somatic NS’ function is to maintain the communication between CNS and world
- Somatic NS contains sensory receptors and motor pathways
- The role of the somatic nervous system is to carry sensory information from the outside world to the brain and provide muscle responses via the motor pathways
The Autonomic NS
- The autonomic NS’ function is to keep unconscious vital functions eg. digestion, breathing and homeostatis maintained properly
- Th Auntomonic NS is split into sympathetic NS and parasympathetic NS
in the autonomic NS
explain the function of the sympathetic and parasympathetic NS
sympathetic is the response to prepare body for fight or flight
para sympathetic is returning the body to it’s normal resting state after the emergency
name a similarity the Autonomic NS and somatic NS have
and a difference
Both NS respond to external stimuli
-The SNS prepares the body for fight or flight
-The ANS responds to external stimuli by carrying info from sensory receptiors to brain/ spinal cord
differences in Autonomic and somatic NS
SNS has sensory and motor pathways and controls organs and glands
but ANS only has motor pathways and controls muscles and movement
define endocrine system
A network of glands across the body that secrete chemical messages called hormones, through blood vessels.
special group of cells that secrete and produce hormones
define hormones
Chemical messengers secreted by glands
- Hormones travel through the blood stream at a slower pace than the NS, but hormones has a widespread powerful effect
name the 9 hormones in the endocrine system
1- Melatonin- sleep- pineal gland
2. Cortisol- stress- Adrenal gland cortex
3. oxytocin- love ACTH- pituitary gland
4. thyroxin- metabolism - thyroid gland
5. oestrogen- mature of egg- ovaries
6. testosterone- muscle mass, puberty in males
7. adrenaline
8. noradrenaline
- stress and fight or flight repsonse - adrenal gland medulla
9. hypothalamus
what is the role of the hypothalamus in the endocrine system
The hypothalamus is connected to the pituitary gland, and is responsible for controlling the release of hormones from the pituitary gland (master gland)
therefore showing that the hypothalamus is the control system that regulates the endocrine system
what is the pituitary gland
and what does it split into
pituitary gland is known as the master gland because it stimulates the release from all the other glands
pituitary gland is split into front and rear lobes
1. Anterior lobe (front)- releases hormone ACTH which stimulates adrenal cortex which releases cortisol (stress)
2. posterior lobe (rear) - releases oxytocin (love) which is responsible for birth contractions, mother baby bonding
when producing thyroxine,
which gland and what happens if it’s overactive or inactive
thyroid gland releases thyroxine to regulate metabolism
-if it is an overactive thyroid- they struggle to gain weight
- if it is an under active thyroid- they struggle to loose weight
The adrenal gland is divided into 2 parts
name and state which hormone is secreted from each
adrenal medulla gland - releases adrenaline and noradrenaline
adrenal cortex gland- releases cortisol
which NS works in parallel to the endocrine system
and what was the trigger which leads them to work together
Autonomic NS
ANS
- when a stressful event occurs and triggers F/F response
4 stages in a flowchart of the endocrine and ANS working in parallel
- Stressor is perceived by hypothalamus which triggers section of ANS, the sympathetic NS- leads to physiological arousal
- adrenaline is secreted by adrenal medulla onto the bloodstream, due to stress
- Hormone targets organs needed int he F/F response
- after threat has passed the parasympathetic NS starts the rest and digest response, in order to return to resting state
