Institutional aggression Flashcards
Where is institutional aggression occur, in what context
Prisons
Name the two suggested explanations of institutional aggression
Situational expl
Dispositional expl
Outline what it meant by the Situational expl
Situational explanations focusses on the stressful nature of the actual prison and how that impacts inmate behaviour
Outline what is meant by the Dispositional explanation
Dispositional explanations focusses on the dangerous people within a prison, who’s behaviours have been ‘imported in’ to the prison
Name the model that goes with the situational expl
The deprivational model by Skyes
Name the model that goes with the dispositional expl and name the researcher who created it
The importation model- by Irwin and Cressey
Explain the importation model (dispositional expl) what are the subcultures
3 subcultures that influence inmates 1. criminal subculture (code of honour)
2. Convict subculture (hierarchy)
3. Conventional subculture (prefer the guards)
Explain the deprivation model (situational exp) what are the 5 deprivations
- deprivation of liberty
- deprivation of autonomy
- deprivation of goals and services
- deprivation of heterosexual relationships
- deprivation of safety
What leads to aggression- referencing the deprivation model
The deprivation model suggests that aggressive behaviour occurs when they are deprived from these 5 factors
Name the three contextual factors of a prison environment that the situational explanation and deprivational model suggests increases aggression levels
- Physical factors including cramped areas
- organisational factors involving rules and reguations
- Characteristics of the guards when they have a bad attitude
Explain how the dispositional explanation, suggests that gang membership research, is another factor found to increases aggression
Research found that 1,000 inmates in a US prison, were in gangs prior, which made them more likely to commit misconduct in the prison than others not in a gang
AO3 explanations for insitutional aggression
RS for dispositional expl
P- RS for dispositional explanations
E- study of 56 males- had similar criminal histories - half in low security prison other in high security- see affects of environment on agg
E- Results were that each males characteristics were more influential on aggression than environment- strong evidence= field, random allocation
L- Therefore, supports dispositional and is evidence to criticise the situational expl
AO3 explanations for insitutional aggression
RS for Situational expl
P - However there is RS for situation explanations
E- Maslow- Hierarchy of needs- 1st step physiological needs can’t be met in prison
E- Therefore he suggests that evidence on hierarchy of needs is RS - evidence -supports idea that the situ effects in prison lead to agg
L- This means that- self actualisation is prevented which explains why more aggressive behaviour occurs
AO3 explanations for insitutional aggression
The Interactionalist model
P- The interactionalist model- suggesting agg behaviour is due to both situ and dispos situations
E- Eg. both explanations has been shown to have RS- both are valid , therefore a researcher suggests they would be stronger together
E- This suggests that entering a prison and having deprivation will only lead to violence if their personality is already imported from into the prison
L- Therefore, both explanations have got valid evidence which influences prison culture
AO3 explanations for insitutional aggression
Prison riots can support and refute the situ expl
P- Prison riots can support and refute the situ expl
E- eg. Riots occur when there’s withdrawals of privileges or lack of reasoning for why the guards change a routine
E- This shows that these situational changes do lead to aggressive behaviour
L- Therefore, this shows that a change in routine can cause aggression, but also a change can reduce that negative behaviour as well
