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P/S MCAT > Social processes, attitudes, and behavior > Flashcards

Social processes, attitudes, and behavior Flashcards

1
Q

Michelangelo phenomenon

A

Concept of self is made up of both intrapersonal self the interpersonal self

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2
Q

intrapersonal self

A

ideas an individual has regarding his or her own abilities, traits, and beliefs

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3
Q

interpersonal self

A

manner in which others influence creation of the ideal self.

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4
Q

social action

A

actions and behaviors that individuals are conscious of and performing because others are around

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5
Q

Social Facilitation

A

People tend to perform better on simple tasks when in the presence of others

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6
Q

Yerkes-Dodson law of Social Facilitation

A

being in the presence of others will significantly raise arousal

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7
Q

Deindividuation

A
  • when individuals are in group settings: individual behavior can be dramatically different in social environment
  • individual loses sense of individuality
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8
Q

antinormative behavior

A
  • behavior against the norm

- Attempts to provide an explanation for violent behavior seen in crowds and riots

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9
Q

Bystander Effect

A

Individuals do not intervene to help victims when others are present

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10
Q

Social Loafing

A

Tendency of individuals to put in less effort when in a group setting

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11
Q

Peer Pressure

A

Social influence placed on an individual by a group of people or another individual

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12
Q

Peers

A

individuals who are equals within a social group

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13
Q

Identity Shift Effect

A
  • mechanism behind peer pressure
  • individual will often conform to the norms of the group when their individual state of harmony is disrupted by a threat of social rejection
  • Individual will begin to experience internal conflicts since the behavior is outside their normal character
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14
Q

Cognitive Dissonance

A

simultaneous presence of two opposing thought or opinions

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15
Q

social interaction

A

looks at the behavior and actions of two or more individuals who take one another into account

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16
Q

Group Polarization

A

tendency for groups to make decisions that are more extreme than the individual ideas and inclinations of the members

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17
Q

Groupthink

A
  • desire for harmony or conformity results in a group of people coming to an incorrect or poor decision
  • attempt towards eliminating or minimizing group conflict
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18
Q

Illusion of Invulnerability

A

creation of optimism and encouragement of risk-taking

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19
Q

Collective Rationalization

A

Ignoring warnings against the ideas of the group

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20
Q

Illusion of Morality

A

belief that the group’s decisions are morally correct

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21
Q

Excessive Stereotyping

A

construction of stereotypes against outside opinions

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22
Q

Pressure for Conformity

A

pressure put on anyone in the group who expresses opinions against the group. Opposition is viewed as disloyal.

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23
Q

Self-Censorship

A

withholding of opposing views

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24
Q

Illusion of Unanimity

A

false sense of agreement within the group

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25
Mindguards
appointment of members to the role of protecting against opposing views
26
Fad
behavior that is transiently viewed as popular and desirable
27
Mass Hysteria
shared intense concern about the threats to society
28
Culture
- beliefs, behaviors, actions and characteristics of a group or society of people - Learned by living within a society and observing/adopting their behaviors and traits
29
Assimilation
individual’s or group’s behavior and culture begins to resemble that of another group
30
Ethnic Enclaves
location with a high concentration of one specific ethnicity
31
Multiculturalism
communities or societies that contain multiple cultures
32
Subcultures
- Groups of people within a culture that distinguish themselves from their primary culture - Can be formed based on race, gender, ethnicity, sexuality, etc.
33
Counterculture
subculture that gravitates towards an identity that is at odds with the majority culture
34
Socialization
Using of social experiences to learn acceptable behavior in society
35
Cultural Transmission/Cultural Learning
way a society socializes its members
36
Cultural Diffusion
spread of norms, customs, and beliefs
37
Primary Socialization
occurs during childhood when acceptable actions and attitude in society are initially learned
38
Secondary Socialization
- process of learning appropriate behavior within smaller sections of the larger society - Occurs outside the home and is for learning rules in specific environments
39
Anticipatory Socialization
process by which one prepares for future changes in their occupations, living situations or relationships
40
Resocialization
one discards old behaviors in favor of new ones to make a life change
41
Norms
Societal rules that define the boundaries of acceptable behavior
42
Mores
widely observed norms
43
Sanctions
penalties for misconduct or rewards for appropriate behavior
44
Negative Sanctions
fines, incarceration, corporal punishment (infliction of pain), capital punishment (execution)
45
Taboo
socially unacceptable, disgusting or reprehensible
46
Folkways
norms that refer to behavior that is considered polite in particular social interactions
47
Deviance
any violation of norms, rules, or expectations within a society
48
Social Stigma
extreme disapproval or dislike of a person or group based on perceived differences from the rest of society
49
Labeling Theory
suggests that the labels given to people affect both a person’s self-image, and how others respond to that person
50
Differential Association Theory
deviance can be learned through interactions with others
51
Differential Association
degree to which one is surrounded by ideals that adhere to social norms vs. ideals that go against them
52
Strain Theory
explains deviance as a natural reaction to the disconnect between social goals and social structure
53
Conformity/majority influence
Matching one’s attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors to societal norms
54
Normative Conformity
desire to fit into a group in fear of rejection
55
Internalization
changing one’s behavior to fit with a group while also privately agreeing with the ideas of that group
56
Identification
outward acceptance of others’ ideas without personally believing them
57
Compliance
Change in behavior based on a direct request
58
Foot in the door technique
small request is made, and then a larger request is made after the first one is accepted
59
Door in the face technique:
Large request is made at first and then a second smaller request is made if the larger one is refused
60
Lowball technique
requestor will get an initial commitment from an individual, and then raise the cost of the commitment
61
That’s not all technique
individual is made an offer, but before making a decision, they are told the deal is even better than expected
62
Obedience
Changings one’s behavior in response to a direct order from an authority figure
63
Social Cognition
focuses on the ways in which people think about others and how these ideas impact behaviors
64
Attitude
expression of positive or negative feelings towards a person, place, thing or scenario
65
Functional Attitudes Theory
states that attitudes serve four functions: knowledge, ego expression, adaption, and ego defense
66
Knowledge functions
provides consistency and stability
67
Ego-Expressive
allows one to communicate and solidify self-identity
68
Adaptive
idea that one will be accepted if socially acceptable attitudes are expressed
69
Ego-Defensive
protect our self-esteem or justify action that are known to be wrong
70
Learning Theory
attitudes are developed through different forms of learning
71
Elaboration Likelihood model
separates individuals on a continuum based on their processing of persuasive information
72
Central Route Processing
people who elaborate extensively and think deeply about information. Make decisions based on their thought
73
Peripheral Route Processing
people who do not elaborate and focus on superficial details like the appearance of a person, a slogan, or credibility
74
Social Cognitive Theory
people learn how to behave and shape attitudes by observing the behaviors of others

P/S MCAT (12 decks)

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