Cognition, consciousness, language Flashcards
Cognition
How brain processes/reacts to info overload presented by the world
Dual-Coding Theory
verbal association & visual images used to process and store info
Information Processing Model
We get input from the environment, process it and output decisions
Simulation modification
Decisions made in one situation can be gathered and adjusted to help solve new problems
Cognitive Development
Development of one’s ability to think and solve problems across a lifespan
Schema
ways for us to organize and interpret new information
Assimilation
how we describe new info/experiences in terms of our current understanding/schemas
Accommodation
how we later adjust our schemas to incorporate new experiences
Piaget’s Sensorimotor Stage
Birth to age 2; Child manipulates the
environment to meet physical needs through circular
reactions. Object permanence develops at the end of
this stage.
Object Permanence
object exists even when not seen
Primary circular reactions
repetition of body movements that originally occurred by chance
Secondary circular reactions
occurs when manipulation is focused on something outside the body
Representational thought
child begins to create mental representations of external objects and events
Piaget’s Preoperational Stage
ages 2 to 7; Pretend play, symbolic
thinking so they learn to talk, egocentrism & centration
Symbolic thinking
ability to pretend, play, make-believe, and have imagination
Egocentrism
inability to imagine what another person may think/feel
Centration
Tendency to focus on only one aspect of a phenomenon, or inability to understand the concept of conversation
Piaget’s Concrete Operational Stage
ages 7 to 11; Understands the
feelings of others and understands conversation; Able to engage in logic as long as they are working with concrete objects of info
Piaget’s Formal Operational Stage
age 11 and up; ability to think logically about abstract ideas. Moral reasoning
Fluid intelligence
problem-solving skills
Crystallized intelligence
use of learned skills and knowledge
Mental set
tendency to approach similar problems in the same way
Functional Fixedness
Inability to consider how to use an object in a nontraditional manner
Trial and Error
various solutions tried until one is found that works