Social interaction Flashcards
Statuses
Positions in society that are used to classify individuals in a hierarchical structure
Ascribed Status
one that is given involuntarily, due to factors such as race, ethnicity, gender, and family background
Achieved Status
gained as a result of one’s efforts or choices
Master Status
Status by which a person is most identified
Pigeonholding
may view a person only through the lens of their master status
role
set of beliefs, values, attitudes, and norms that define expectations for those who hold the status
Role performance
carrying out of behaviors that are associated with a given role
Role Partner
person with whom one is interacting
Role Set
various roles associated with a status
Role Conflict
difficulty in satisfying the requirements or expectations of multiple roles
Role Strain
difficulty in satisfying multiple requirements of the same role
Role Exit
dropping of one identity for another
Dyad
two-person group
Triad
three-person group
Peer Group
defined by association of self-selected equals around similar interests, ages, and statuses
Family Group
determined by birth, adoption and marriage
In-Groups
groups where an individual belongs
out-groups
individual competes or is in opposition with
Reference Groups
establish the terms by which individuals evaluate themselves
Primary Group
interactions are direct, with close bonds providing warm, personal and intimate relationships to members
Secondary Group
interactions are superficial and there are few emotional bonds
Community (Geminschaft)
groups united by feelings of togetherness due to shared beliefs, ancestry, or geography
Society (Gesellschaft)
groups that are formed because of mutual self-interests working together toward the same goal
Interaction Process Analysis
technique for observing, classifying, and measuring the interactions within small groups
System for multiple level observation of groups (SYMLOG)
Belief is that there are three fundamental dimensions of interaction:
▪ Dominance vs submission
▪ Friendliness vs unfriendliness
▪ Instrumentally controlled vs emotionally expressive
Group Conformity
group holds power over its members which creates pressure that ultimately shapes members’ behaviors
Groupthink
refers to group conformity, and occurs when members begin to focus solely on ideas generated within the group while ignoring outside ideas
Networks
observable pattern of social relationships among individuals or groups
Network Redundancy
overlapping connections with the same individual
Immediate Networks
dense with strong ties
Distant Networks
looser and contain weaker ties
Organizations
Entities that are set up to achieve specific goals and are characterized by having a structure and a culture
Formal Organization
different from groups in many ways
Characteristic Institution
basic of organization of society is found here
Bureaucracy
rational system of political organization, administration, discipline, and control
Iron law of oligarchy
democratic or bureaucratic systems naturally shift to being ruled by an elite group
Mcdonaldization
Shift in focus towards efficiency, predictability, calculability, and control in societies
Self-Presentation
process of displaying oneself to society through culturally accepted behaviors
Basic Model of Emotional Expression
emotional expression involves a number of components: facial expressions, behaviors, postures, vocal change, and physiological changes
Appraisal Model
closely relates to the above model and states that there a biologically predetermined expressions once an emotion is experienced
Social Construct Model
- assumes that there is no biological basis for emotions
- Suggests that certain emotions can only exist in certain social encounters
Display Rules
cultural expectations of emotions
Cultural Syndrome
Shared set of beliefs, attitudes, norms, values, and behaviors among members of the same culture
Impression Management
Attempt to influence how others perceive us. Done through the regulation or controlling of information in social interactions
Authentic Self
describes who person actually is
Ideal Self
who we would like be under optimal circumstances
Tactical Self
who we market ourselves to be when we adhere to others’ expectations
Dramaturgical Approach
how individuals create images of themselves in various situations
Front stage
where the actor is in front of the audience and performs according to the setting, role and script
Back Stage
actor is not being observed by an audience and is free to act in ways that may not be congruent with his desired public image
Communication
ability to convey information by speech, writing, signals or behavior
Verbal Communication
transmission of information by using words
Nonverbal Communication
how people communicate without words
