Social learning theory as an explanation of criminality Flashcards
What is social learning theory?
This suggest that we learn behaviour by observing others. We learn by observing our role models, e.g. parents , and copying their behaviour. The process of learning is called the identification and modelling process
The identification and modelling process
Attention, Retention, Reproduction, Motivation, Identification
Attention
In order to learn something new, you must want to and be able to pay attention to it
Retention
For learning to take place, you must be able to store or retain new behaviour in your memory
Reproduction
To be able to model the new behaviour that you observed, you need to be able to repeat/reproduce it
Motivation
You are more likely to model a behaviour you’ve observed someone do if you are motivated to reproduce it
Identification
This occurs when you adopt the behaviours, beliefs and values of the role model or group.
Social learning theory and criminality
If a person is exposed to criminal behaviour from role models, they are more likely to pay attention and retain this. They will then model or reproduce the behaviour , especially if they see the role model is rewarded for this behaviour.
Strengths of the theory
There is lots of research to support social learning of aggressive behaviours. Bandura conducted experiment that showed that aggression was copied from a role model especially if the role model was rewarded and the same sex as the child
The theory can explain learning in the absence of consequences. Although a good behaviour can be observed, the motivation to do this may not be there so they will not copy it.
Weaknesses of the theory
The theory cannot be tested in real life situations as it would be unethical. Bandura’s study can only measure the short-term effect
It cannot explain all criminal behaviours as not all criminal behaviour is witnessed. For example, Murder is rarely seen in real life
