Controlling extraneous variables and hypotheses

Question 1

Use of standardised procedure

Answer 1

Where the procedure of a study is the same across all the conditions. Used to control situational variables

Question 2

Counterbalancing

Answer 2

Where half of the participants experience the first then second condition and the other experience the second then first. Used to control order effects

Question 3

Randomisation

Answer 3

When a participant is assigned to the first or second condition by a matter of chance. Used to control order effects

Question 4

Single blind techniques

Answer 4

When participants are blind to aims or expectations of a study and certain information about the procedure is withheld. Used to control demand characteristics

Question 5

Double blind techniques

Answer 5

When the aims of the study are withheld with both the participants and researchers. Used to control demand characteristics and investigator effects.

Question 6

Null Hypothesis

Answer 6

A prediction that the results and outcome will show no effect/no relationship

Question 7

Experimental Hypothesis

Answer 7

A prediction of the expected outcome of a study. There are 2 types, directional and non directional

Question 8

Directional Hypothesis

Answer 8

A hypothesis that predicts the direction the results will go in

Question 9

Non-Directional Hypothesis

Answer 9

A hypothesis that predicts that a difference/relationship will be shown but does not specify what the difference/relationship will be