Social Cognition Flashcards

1
Q

Impression formation

A

People combine info about others to make overall judgements about them

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2
Q

3 models of algebraic model of impression

A
  1. Summative: we arrive at an overall impression by adding all of our reactions or likability ratings up
  2. Averaging model: averaging likability rating
  3. Weighted averaging model: Each rating has a weight that represents how important it is in that context and is then averaged
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3
Q

2 main models of impression formation:

A
  1. Algebraic
  2. Configurational
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4
Q

Algebraic model of impression formation

A

Were formed on the basis of mechanical combination of information we know about person
3 ways the information could be combined:
1. Summative model
2. Averaging model
3. Weighted averaging model

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5
Q

Configurational model of impression

A

Based on Gestalt principles:
People combine info about someone into an overall impression that is quite different from the simple sum of reactions to individual items of information about that person.

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5
Q

Asch thought there were 2 main types of traits:

A
  1. Central (give meaning to other traits)
  2. Peripheral (these other traits)
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5
Q

What are schemas

A

Cognitive structures that represent our knowledge about a concept or type of stimulus based on past experience

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6
Q

Event schemas

A

Scripts
Generalised representations of activities and events e.g. at a restaurant, you know someone should come get your order.

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7
Q

Role schemas

A

Scripts.
Where people are expected to play a certain role

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8
Q

Person schema

A

Knowledge about groups of people i.e. stereotypes.

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9
Q

Implicit personality theory

A

Person schema about particular type of person - how certain behaviours shape personality e.g. dancing on table, assume person is extroverted.

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10
Q

Self-schema

A

Manage info about ourselves in the same way that we manage info about other people

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11
Q

Heuristics

A

Shortcuts that we use to get a quick solution to a problem

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12
Q

Availability Heuristics

A

Judging an events frequency by the ease with which we can bring examples of the event to mind e.g. is it more likely to have words that start with R or have R in the 3rd position - people say start with R since its easier to come up with words that start with R.

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13
Q

Representativeness Heuristic

A

How we know if someone belongs to a group.
Estimates likelihood that somebody belongs to a group by comparing features of that person to the prototype of a group (e.g. engineer liking maths)

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14
Q

When a persons behaviour is different to what is expected in a schema, we attribute it to

A

internal (dispositional) factors

15
Q

Covariation model

A

Attribute behaviour with the cause with which it co-varies over time. We pay attention to:
1. Consensus information - whether other people perform the same behaviour
2. Distinctiveness information: behaviour is only performed towards particular target
3. Consistency information: behaviour is performed all the time or not

16
Q

If there is low consensus, then we attribute the behaviour to?

A

person attribution

17
Q

If there is high distinctiveness, we attribute the behaviour to

A

target attribution

18
Q

If there is low consistency, we attribute the behaviour to

A

Situation attribution

19
Q

Fundamental attribution error

A

Tendency to attribute another persons behaviour to their dispositional factors but attribute our own to external factors

20
Q

Actor observer bias

A

Describes the difference in how we think about our own behaviours by comparing them to others.
We attribute our own behaviours to external causes and other behaviours to internal causes.

21
Q

Self-serving bias

A

Tendency to attribute success to stable, internal factors and failures to temporary, external factors e.g. doing well on quiz is because i studied hard. Doing bad on quiz was because it was hard.