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PSYC1030 > Personality > Flashcards

Personality Flashcards

1
Q

Nomothetic approach

A

understanding personality by identifying rules that govern behaviour of all individuals

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2
Q

Idiographic approach

A

Understanding personality by identifying unique characteristics and life history within the individual

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3
Q

3 factors that cause personality

A
  1. Genetics
  2. Shared environment (house)
  3. Non-shared environment (different schools)
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4
Q

What was the correlation of personality factors between identical twins

A

Moderate correlation

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5
Q

What fraction of personality is shared via genetics in twin studies

A

1/3

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6
Q

When genetic similarity was low between mother and child but environmental similarity was high,

A

Correlation between personality was weak - suggesting genes play more of a role in personality than environment

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7
Q

3 core aspects of psychoanalytic theory

A
  1. Psychic determinism: idea we are not free to choose our own level of awareness
  2. Symbolic meaning: idea that no action, however trivial, is meaningless and that we can come up with a meaning for most behaviours
  3. Unconscious motivation: We rarely understand what we do e.g. like an iceberg that we can only see the tip of.
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8
Q

What/where is the Id

A

Pleasure principle (unconscious level)

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9
Q

What/where is the ego

A

Decision making component (Conscious and preconscious)

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10
Q

What/where is the superego

A

Moral component (all levels of awareness)

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11
Q

What did Freud think psychological distress was a result of?

A

Conflict between id and superego

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12
Q

Stages of psychosexual theory

A

Oral phase (biting)
Anal
Phallic (genitals)
Latency (suppressed or latent sexuality)
Genital (sexual drive)

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13
Q

Purpose of psychosexual theory

A

Freud would interpret clients distress on where he thought they got fixated e.g. excessive eating, would believe they are stuck at oral stage

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14
Q

Behavioural theory of personality

A

Personality is in terms of behaviour rather than just their thoughts since we can measure behaviour

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15
Q

Social learning theory

A

Personality is an interaction between person’s traits, their thoughts and environment

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16
Q

Reciprocal determinism

A

Apart of social learning theory
Refers to the idea that behavioural, cognitition and environment play together to form personality e.g. expectancy (cognition) to do well in an exam, environment is going to library to study, you see people study so you your behaviour is you then start to study more which then leads to your expectancy to do well.

17
Q

What did Carl Rogers say about personality in the humanistic theory

A

That is a function of an organism, the self and conditions of worth (the rules that society puts on our behaviour)

18
Q

What did Abraham Maslow say about personality in the humanistic theory

A

That is created by a tendency to strive for self-actualisation: to achieve full potential

19
Q

Humoral theory

A

Characterise a persons personality based on what humour or fluid they had in their body
Choleric people (Yellow bile): bad tempered and irritable
Melancholic (black bile): gloomy and pessimistic
Phlegmatic (Phelgm): sluggish, calm, unexcitable
Sanguine (blood): Cheerful, passionate

20
Q

Big 5 for personality

A
  1. Neuroticism
  2. Extraversion
  3. Openness
  4. Agreeableness
  5. Conscientiousness
21
Q

How do you measure the Big 5 for personality

A

NEOPI (PI means personality inventory)
Consists of 181 items
Self-report

22
Q

What was Cattell’s theory

A

That there were 16 source traits that produce what we observe through behaviour (16PF)

23
Q

Eysenck’s theory

A

There are 3 bipolar dimensions to explain personality:
1. Extraversion to introversion
2. Neuroticism to emotional stability
3. Psychoticism to self control

24
Q

What did Eysenck think temperament was a cause of?

A

Combination of the 3 dimensions

25
Q

2 systems in the biopsychological theory of personality

A
  1. Behavioural Inhibition System (BIS) - punishments and avoidance
  2. Behavioural Approach System (BAS) - sensitive to reward
26
Q

How was personality previously measured?

A

Phrenology - bumps on brain
Physiognomy - facial features

27
Q

2 approaches to measuring personality now

A
  1. Objective tests: 16PF, NEOPI, MMPI
  2. Projective tests: Thematic Apperception Test, Rorschach Inkblot (really only used for rapport)
28
Q

What is the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI)?

A

Designed for a clinical setting like secure mental health facilities. Diagnoses psychological disorders. Designed to track deception since mental people are likely to deceive.

29
Q

What is the Thematic Apperception Test

A

Present ambiguous stimuli and ask people to describe what they see.

PSYC1030 (20 decks)

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