Schizophrenia Flashcards
Prevalence rate
0.5% to 1%
Most common age of onset
15-35
Suicide risk for people with Schizophrenia
5%
What percent of premature mortality is attributed to suicide
40%
What does Schizophrenia cost the community
$20 billion
5 main symptoms of Schizophrenia
Delusions
Hallucinations
Disorganised speech
Disorganised or catatonic behaviour
Negative symptoms
How many of the main schizophrenia symptoms need to be displayed to be diagnosed
2 or more
What are positive symptoms
Behaviours that are happening too much
What are negative symptoms
Behaviours that are in deficit that are not occurring as often as it should
What is delusion
Involves false belief so content of thoughts is innacurate or false
2 types of delusions
Delusion of Persecution - people are out to get you
Delusion of Grandeur - feeling of superiority to other people e.g. feeling of fame
3 types of disorganised speech
Neologism
Word salad
Tangentiality
Neologism
Person makes up a word - has no meaning and a combination of 2 words or a distortion of a word
Word salad
Bunch of words tossed together that make no sense and has no meaning
Tangentiality
Start talking about one topic then move to another that has no relevance and fail to move back to the original topic
Most common sensory modality for hallucinations in people with schizophrenia
Auditory
Voices that schizophrenic hear are usually
Negative and derogatory
Catatonia
Neurogenic motor immobility manifested as stupor: where people become rigit in their movement and become immobile
Alogia:
Poverty of speech. Lack of spontaneous speech which reflects impoverished thought processes
Avolition
Lack of motivation and thus social withdrawal
3 phases of schizophrenia
- Prodomal
- Active
- Residual
Prodromal phase
Decline in functioning
Negative symptoms appear
People believe its just ‘developmentally normal’
Can’t be diagnosed at this stage
Shorter of what phase is associated with a better outcome
Prodromal
Active phase
Positive symptoms appear.
Dominance of what symptom compared to … tends to be a poor prognostic indicator
Dominance of negative compared to positive
Residual phase
Positive symptoms typically have been remitted with the help of medication
Some negative ymptoms remain
3 types of negative symptoms
Expression of affect or emotion,
Speech and motivation (alogia and avolition),
lack of self-care
Odds of developing schizophrenia when first degree relative has it
10%
Odds of developing schizophrenia if identical twin has it
50%
What lack of neurotransmitter is associated with schizophrenia
Dopamine
Diathesis stress model of schizophrenia
There is an underlying vulnerability that is most likely related to genetic disposition but may only convert into illness in the context of environmental stressors
How many people improve with the use of medication
25%
Other treatments of schizophrenia apart from medication
Psychoeducation and CBT
