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USA A-Level History > Social And Economic 1865-1890 > Flashcards

Social And Economic 1865-1890 Flashcards

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1
Q

What is mass immigration otherwise know as

A

The melting pot

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2
Q

Between 1860 and 1890, how many immigrants came to us and where from

A

10 million

Germans swedes Irish and Scots

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3
Q

What were the two factors for people to come to us

A

Pull to America

Push away from their homeland

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4
Q

What was a pull factor to America (4)

A

Statue of Liberty , idea of land of the free

Shipping companies encouraging immigration?

Urbanisation

Chinese recruited in to make railroads

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5
Q

What were made in large cities as a result of immigration

A

Districts such as China town

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6
Q

Nativism grew… what was it

A

A belief that people who parents born in US wanted to protect US from alien ways

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7
Q

What was the difference between new and old immigrants

A

Tension regarding housing and jobs

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8
Q

How was there a growth in aint Chinese feeling?

A

The yellow peril , media against the Chinese regarding the workers.

Brought in Chinese exclusion act

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9
Q

What was passed and when to limit Chinese immigrants

A

1882 - Chinese exclusion act which stopped them gaining citizen ship

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10
Q

What was the Grainger movement

A

Aim of bringing farmers together to promote agriculture and the community

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11
Q

What was the knights of labour

A

A nation wide trade union formed in 1869

By mid 1880s had over 100,000 members

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12
Q

What were social divisions in the 1865-1890 time period

A

Farmers and workers through Grainger Movement and K of labour

Female suffrage

Temperance movement (anti-alcohol)

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13
Q

What was established and when regarding women’s suffrage

A

1890

Americans women’s suffrage association

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14
Q

How was there a north vs east division

A

Industrialisation vs urbanisation

Great railroad strike 1877

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15
Q

How did the population differ in New York 1860-1890

A

Doubled

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16
Q

What was the new south

A

Dominated by divisions of African Americans and whites

AA uncertain to push for more change

New south same as old south ( 11 confed states felt alienated)

Still racial grudges against AA

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17
Q

What was the Wild West?

A

Rapid settlement due to government and ordinary people.

Treaties made between whites and native Americans

Railroads dominated

Land was scarred by war

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18
Q

How was their divisions between the native Americans and the white settlers

A

Whites destroyed Indian way of life

Native Americans confined to reservations

Poor white farmers felt pushed out from growing population of west

Reliant upon railroads for supplies

Granger movement a positive

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19
Q

How was life in the 1865-90 period for African Americans

Negatives

A

After comprise AA start to lose their legal rights, before was hope

Many became sharecroppers

Black codes segregated them

Grandfather clause lost right to vote

Lynchings common

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20
Q

What were the positives for AA during 1865-90 time period?

A

Many moved away from south and changed their surname

Got married

Set up churches and founded schools

3 AA university’s made

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21
Q

Who was booker T Washington

A

Headed the Tuskagee institute in Alabama in 1881-1915

Trained AA teachers but was a moderate and accommodated white supremacy.

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22
Q

What % of the population was rural 1865-90

A

Over 1/2

23
Q

He did the farm population increase in 1865-90

A

From 10m to 25m

24
Q

What was the homestead act 1862

A

Made thousands of acres of land available as free land to settle

25
Q

How did railroads exploit homestead act of 1862 economically

A

Railroads bought land and sold it on as profit

26
Q

How did technology advancements benefit agriculture economically

A

reapers and threshers encourages large scale agriculture which lead to a rise in exports

27
Q

What was a negative for farmers during 1895-90 economically

A

Vulnerable due to the panic of 1873 because of too much speculation and banks failing

28
Q

How was the economy in the north east

A

Expanding markets
Towns expanding
Railroads hugely important
Pittsburgh: shipping meat products cereals and tinned food to north east

29
Q

How was the economy in the south

A

King cotton still ruled
Small farmers found it hard to buy land and some fell back into tenant farmers / sharecroppers
Oklahoma land rush 1889- railroads transporting people westward lending money taking crops as payments

30
Q

In the west what was the population in 1865 to 1890?

A

760,000 to 6 million

31
Q

What was steel important for in 1865-90

A

Ploughs
Barbed wire
Railroads
Rifles

32
Q

How was the west a difficult place to live 1865-90?

A 
Climate harsh
Open to natural disasters
Land dry
Prices of goods fluctuated 
Years of drought after 1887
33
Q

How did urbanisation effect the economy 1865-90

A

Cities grew creating new markets and business and job opportunities

34
Q

How did standard oil form into a monopoly

A

Oil wells developed in west Pennsylvania

Small companies merged into standard oil

Ruled oil market and set prices

35
Q

What did Andrew Carnegie run

A

US steel

36
Q

What did John D Rockerfella own

A

Standard oil

37
Q

Who was the biggest monopoly and individual for canned food

A

H.J Heinz

38
Q

How did the panic of 1873 effect businessmen

A

5 year recession followed bankrupt businessmen which bigger businessmen bought their companies

39
Q

When was the economy starting to pick up between 1865-90

A

1877

40
Q

By 1865 how many miles of America covered by railroads

A

35,000

41
Q

By 1893 how many miles were covered by railroad

A

200,000

42
Q

What was a vital railroad line

A

New York central linking east coast to Chicago

43
Q

What was the first transcontinental railroad and what year was it opened

A

Union Pacific 1869

44
Q

How was the railroad boom chaotic?

A

Fierce competition

Bigger companies swallowed up smaller companies

Could make or break a town

Emerged as bullies of US business

Established local monopolies

Eliminated competition

Bought up huge amounts of land

Became wealthy and influential

45
Q

How did steel / oil dominate the industry in 1880’s

A

Helped by technology , enabled mass production of good steel and high grade iron ore to sell

46
Q

By 1875, how many tons of steel was produced by businesses

A

360,000 tones

47
Q

How many main competitors did standard oil buy up?

A

22 out of 26

48
Q

What is a corporation

A

Big business firms

49
Q

What is a bill market

A

Share prices rising, confidence high

50
Q

What is a bear market

A

Share prices falling, confidence low

51
Q

What is cartelisation

A

Cartels formed to dominate market

52
Q

What are “robber barons”

A

Rich who controlled business

53
Q

What is antitrust legislation

A

People who wanted to push the government to break monopolies

USA A-Level History (16 decks)

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