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USA A-Level History > Foreign Policy 1920-1945 > Flashcards

Foreign Policy 1920-1945 Flashcards

1
Q

Extent of isolation 1918-1945

A

P1) 1918-1932
P2) 1932-1939
P3) 1939-45

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2
Q

What are the aims of the Treaty of the Versailles

A 
“Make world safe for democracy”
14 points
Self determination 
Free trade
Disarmament 
LoN
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3
Q

Where the aims of the TOV achieved ?

A

TOV and LON not ratified due to harsh treatment of Germany

USA refused to cancel debt hence reparations from Germany

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4
Q

When was the TOV signed

A

28th June 1919

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5
Q

What were the successes of Wilson’s foreign policy

A

Stayed out of water until 1917

Mobilise the USA effectively

Some of 14 point adopted

LON established

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6
Q

What were the failures of WW foreign policy

A

Mexico revolution 1913 lead to US invading leading to 500 American deaths

supplying weapons lead to involvement in war

Allowed reparations in return for LON, USA was not a member

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7
Q

What was the change in foreign policy from the 1920s onwards

A

Change from intervention to isolation

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8
Q

Why did the American public reject the TOV and why did the USA not join the LON

A

What treatment of Germany as all 6.6 billion in reparations then in 1920 to 33 billion

USA weary of joining LON as could be dragged into protecting European imperialism

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9
Q

What were the consequences of America not joining the LON

A

LoN had ‘no teeth’
Lead to rise in aggression from Italy Japan and Germany
Reparations lead to collapse of Germany economy

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10
Q

How did the change from intervention to isolation affect economic policies

A

The mood of the time was isolationist look towards self-sufficiency Therefore tariffs on imported goods were high

Protectionism helped big businesses and capitalist this was a Republican policies

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11
Q

What were the consequences of America having high tariffs on imported goods

A

But I couldn’t reach retaliated by putting high tariffs on USA goods

This cut off trade links (isolated)

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12
Q

What was the tariff called that put a high tax on imported goods and when was it made

A

Fordney McCumber

1922

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13
Q

What were the reasons for immigration quotas

A

Huge influx of immigration during and after WW1

WASP America threatened by spread of new ideas from Europe for example Communist ideas

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14
Q

What were the consequences of the American immigration quotas

A

Interpretative as racist by other countries

Isolated USA from Europe even further

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15
Q

Between 1920 and 1945 which president were not isolation

A

Harding

Coolidge

Hoover

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16
Q

What were examples of intervention in the 1920s

A

Loans to Germany and extended reparations period (Dawes plan 1924 - young plan 1929
Disarmament conferences (Washington naval conference)
4/9 power treaty
Kellog Briand pact

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17
Q

What was the Dawes plan and when was it

A

1924
USA lends money to GR to save economy
GR pays France
FR pays US war loans back

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18
Q

What was the Washington Naval conference and when was it

A

1921 - 1922

Set limits on a ration for navies

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19
Q

What was the 4/9 power treaty

A

Accepted open door trade with China

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20
Q

What was the Kellogg-Briand pact and what year

A

1928

Rejection of war (up to 60 nations signed)

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21
Q

What was the good neighbour policy and who was it under

A

Non-intervention in Latin America as us would be a good neighbour and also interact with trade

FDR

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22
Q

What were the reasons for having the good neighbour policy?

A

Reduced involvement in Latin America signed 1933

Removed platt amendment - Cuba back to Cuba

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23
Q

What were the consequences of the good neighbour policy ?

A

Re-enforced isolationism

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24
Q

How did the nye committee influence isolationism and how many people agreed

A

Said that arms manufacturers were to blame for US getting involved in WW1

70% agreed

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25
Q

When was the nye committee

A

1934

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26
Q

What were the reasons for the 1935 neutrality act

A

Influenced by nye committee
Desire to prevent us from being dragged into war due to supplying weapons

Also Italy invaded Abyssinia

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27
Q

What were the consequences of the 1935 neutrality act

A

Us ban trade with any hostile countries

FDR warns us citizens not to travel on ships to hostile nations

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28
Q

What were the reasons for the 1936 neutrality act

A

Again after the influence of the nye committee, this time against supplying of loans to hostile counties

Also hitlers foreign policy seemed more like war

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29
Q

What were the consequences of the 1936 neutrally act

A

No us loans to hostile countries

1937 act also banned Americans to traveling on hostile nation ships

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30
Q

What was the reasons for the naval expansion act of 1938-39

A

Increasing hostility in Europe, fdr wanted to prepare USA for possible war

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31
Q

What were the consequences of the 1938-39 naval expansion act

A

20% increase in us navy
1939- $525 million for air defence granted

Us navy now same size as Germany / japan

32
Q

What was a close call to America entering WW2?

A

Panay incident 1937

Japan sank USA gunboat off the coast of Korea - almost war but isolationist congress accept japans apology

33
Q

3 ways America was not isolationist 1918-1939

A

Trade agreements with Haiti, Honduras , Brazil and Columbia

Conferences in Latin America

4th November 1939 cash and carry clause

34
Q

What was the cash and carry Clause and when was it introduced

A

4th November 1939

Allowing president to make hostile counties pay cash for materials purchased from us and take them away in their own ships

35
Q

What was the 1939 neutrality act

A

Allowed USA to sell to Britain but all goods have to be transported on British ships

36
Q

When did FDR asked Congress for an increase in defence spending and how much

A

Jan 1940

$2billion

37
Q

What did the increase in defence spending allowed to happen in preparation for World War II

A

The Manhattan Project

38
Q

What was the Manhattan Project

A

Research and development done by America regarding nuclear bombs for World War II

39
Q

How many votes did FDR win his third election by

A

5 million

40
Q

What brought America closer to the war regarding Britain

A

FDR developing special relations with Britain and Churchill

41
Q

What was the lend lease act of March 1941

A

FDR wanted to help Britain for that but neutrality act stopped him

In allowed US to lend lease ornaments supplies and food to the nation if US felt it was vital for their own security

42
Q

What was Atlantic Charter August 1941

A

A meeting between FDR and Churchill after the Germans invaded USSR

Agreed-upon common aims regarding the war and agreed to share all secret intelligence

43
Q

Who rallied against USA getting involved in WW2

A

Charles Lindbergh and isolationists

44
Q

What were the reasons for Pearl Harbor

A

USA imposed economic sanctions and banned arms trade against Japan

2 million Japanese occupied China and Japan also invaded French Indochina in 1941

Japan saw the sanctions as provocation

45
Q

When did the Japanese attacked Pearl Harbor

A

Seventh of December 1941

46
Q

What the consequences of Pearl Harbor

A

USA unprepared

Six battleships and 300 aircraft destroyed

2000 Americans killed

US aircraft carriers away at the time so were saved

FD are used the attack to ask Congress for support to declare war

47
Q

When did Hitler declare war on USA

A

11th of December 3 days after Pearl Harbor 1941

48
Q

When did USA declare war on Japan

A

Eighth of December 1941

The day after Pearl Harbor attack

49
Q

How was FDR viewed during World War II

A

Prestige

Great statement

50
Q

What changed about the federal government during World War II

A

It increased

$45 billion in taxes

$45 billion were borrowed

51
Q

What was the battle of the president like in America during World War II

A

FDR had a little real political opposition

FDR won fourth term as president in 1944

52
Q

Who was the military industrial superpower of the world

A

USA

53
Q

How did the economy in the USA help the Allies

A

Financed the war for the Allies

54
Q

How was unemployment in World War II

A

Decreased as millions of jobs created by the wall such as industrial jobs and food production

55
Q

How did the federal government role towards businesses change during World War II

A

Increased control

Controls all the wages and prices

56
Q

What happened to the car to me after World War II

A

Sparked a consumer boom post war

57
Q

How did the defence spending increase from 1941-45

A

1941 $6 billion

1945 $64.5 billion

58
Q

How did the US strong economy dictate Europe

A

Europe depending on US funds during the war

59
Q

What were the US casualties compared to other countries from World War II

A

Low compared to other countries

60
Q

What was a positive regarding the US about bombings

A

No US cities were bombed

61
Q

How did living standards change regarding World War II

A

Went up not down

62
Q

How did American culture change regarding World War II

A

Cultural life thrived including the popular entertainment

63
Q

How did The war affect trade unions

A

They strengthened

64
Q

How did the federal government help unions regarding Businesses

A

Firms excepted unions in return for no strikes and acceptance of wages

65
Q

Did social mobility increase or decrease in World War II

A

Increase

66
Q

How did agricultural workers move to benefit work

A

Moved to industrial areas

Especially African Americans

67
Q

By 1944 what percentage of the workforce were female

A

36%

68
Q

Did Racial tension increase or decrease during World War II

A

Increase

69
Q

What was set up regarding fair employment

A

FECP

Fair employment practices commission

70
Q

What was propaganda to get women to work

A

Rosie the riveter

71
Q

How did entertainment change during World War II

A

Surge in mass entertainment

72
Q

Who is an example of a star that used to entertain troops

A

Bob Hall

73
Q

How was segregation in World War II

A

African Americans still segregated in the army

Many trade unions refused African Americans

74
Q

Why would a more racial tensions

A

As African Americans migrated north

75
Q

What was formed in order to reduce racial tension

A

CORE

Congress of racial equality

USA A-Level History (16 decks)

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