Foreign Policy 1865-1890 Flashcards
When did America begin to expand?
After civil war and reconstruction period-emerging ads a world power
What did most Americans believe in regarding foreign policy 1865-1890?
Avoiding “foreign entanglements”
What were the limits on foreign policy 1865-1890
Manifest destiny
Isolationism
Monroe doctrine
What is manifest destiny and how does it affect foreign policy
“US right and duty to become a continental power from sea to sea”
In basic terms, dominate the continent
The idea of manifest destiny reinforces isolation from European powers
What are the 4 reasons for not having active relations or treaties with other countries?
1) relations with Britain strained after Canadian border disputes
2) Spain was worried Us may interfere with her empire
3) conservative countries such as Austria-Hungary feared US democracy
4) French emperor Nap 3rd interfered in Mexico
What is the Monroe doctrine 1823?
Said further efforts by European nations to colonise land or interfere with states in US would be viewed as aggression requiring US intervention.
At same time said, US would neither interfere with existing European colonies.
Why were there limits on foreign engagement?(3)
1) anti-colonialism
2) didn’t need to have alliances when protected by 2 large oceans
3) USA = land of the free
How does Mexico limit foreign engagement?
As USA were focusing on civil war, nap 3rd sent troops into Mexico 1863 to occupy Mexico City so Austrian arch duke accepted crown off Mexicans
This meant US worried about Europeans interfering in Mexico
Who was the main reason for foreign engagement 1865-1890?
William Seward - Secretary of State 1865 - interventionist - wanted naval bases and Panama Canal idea - bought midway island in Pacific and bought Alaska from Russia 1867
How did the Mexican worries over foreign engagement end?
Rebels lead by Jaurez executed Maximilian in 1867 which helped enforce monroe Doctrine, no Europeans on US continent
Who succeeded Seward and how was he helpful? Examples
Hamilton fish succeeded Seward and continued intervention.
1869-73 he attempted to establish a protectorate over Dominican republic
1873 trade treaty with Hawaii which was annexed later in 1890s
How did America make its territory stronger?
Purchase of Alaska
Wars and treaties with Indian tribes
How , why and for what price did USA purchase Alaska
Bought for $7.2 million, was within own continent so not breaking doctrine, bought off Russia
How did wars with Indian tribes bettered America’s interventionism?
Made war and treaties with tribes so the white settlers could take their land back
Sand creek massacre was an example during the civil war
What was the first phase of defeating native Americans
Made treaties such as medicine lodge, have borders to Indian territory
What was the second phase of defeating native Americans
Under grant, native Americans had to accept life in demarcated reservations or assimilate to US society
What was the third stage in defeating native Americans
War, ended at the battle of little big horn
Afterwards, white settlers pushed native Americans to margins of society
What was an example of victory over Native American
1889 Oklahoma land rush gave 2 million acres of Indian territory to whites
What were the 3 main tensions over Canada
fenian raids
Red river dispute
British Columbia
What were the fenian raids
1866-71 5 unofficial fenian raids into Canada, America arrested ring leaders and Canada sides with confederacy as didn’t like American involvement
What was the red river dispute
In red river colony , valley ready to be annexed by US , tensions high, settled at Alabama claims ( conference)
What is British Columbia
After Seward acquired Alaska in 1867, opened door for more expansion. My thought British Columbia would decide to join us voluntarily, Canada built them a railroad to stay Canadian
What is turner thesis?
Idea of us democracy shaped by attitudes to do with the frontier
Patriot = very American, rugged individualism, masculine , white
