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USA A-Level History > Policital 1920-1945 > Flashcards

Policital 1920-1945 Flashcards

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1
Q

Impact of Policies 1920-1945

A

P1) 1920 reps, WH , CC & HH
P2) 1930 dems; FDR
3) WW2

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2
Q

Reasons for depression 1920-1945

A

P1) pro big business rep policies
P2) economic - mass production long term structural
P3) economical 2- short term stock market crash

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3
Q

Who was the laissez faire secretary of Treasury

A

Warren Harding

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4
Q

What was the 1922 to 1923 Teapot Dome scandal

A

High officials in Republican administration accused of corruption in leasing oil reserves

tarnished Harding

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5
Q

When was Warren Harding president

A

1921-1923

Republican

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6
Q

When was Calvin Coolidge president

A

1923 to 1929

Republican

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7
Q

What did Calvin Coolidge want

A

Low taxes

Cut income taxes

Small government

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8
Q

Why did America not want to go to war again

A

Has lost over 100,000 Americans in World War I

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9
Q

How did the league of Nations link to USA isolationism

A

Did not join us did not want to become the worlds policeman

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10
Q

How did Harding win the 1920 election

A

Promising to return to normalcy

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11
Q

What was the USA’s policy in 1920

A

Isolationism

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12
Q

What were the causes of the boom regarding the Republicans

A

Fordney McCumber tariff 1922

low taxes so people had more money to spend

Rugged individualism - people looking after themselves

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13
Q

Where is the red scare

A

Following the Russian Revolution in 1917 communism terrified Americans

Workers were involved in strakes in trade unions were accused of being Communist’s

Americans believed communism went against the ideas of the American dream which celebrated and encouraged capitalism and the pursuit of wealth

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14
Q

Where did the red fair affect courts on the crimes by immigrants

Example of a case

A

The court clamped down partially on political crimes by immigrants

Name trail with the Trail of Sacco and Vanzetti

These were to immigrants from Italy you were anarchists who were in 1920 and where found guilty of armed robbery and murder and then executed in 1927

Even know the defence produced 107 witnesses that said they were elsewhere at the time they were still executed

1925 the murderer gave himself up but jury did not believe as all were Italian immigrants

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15
Q

When was the demand growing to slow down immigration

A

After 1890

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16
Q

What was the 1917 immigration law

A

Required all immigrants and they could read English

Banned all immigration from Asia

immigration fee of $8

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17
Q

What was the emergency quota act 1921

A

Stated that the number of immigrants from the eastern hemisphere could not be more than 3% of the number already in America in 1910

Set the maximum number of immigrants in any year at 357,000

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18
Q

What was the 1924 Reed Johnson act

A

Maximum number of immigrants in any year at 154,000

Quarter from eastern hemisphere registered 2% of those already in America in 1890

Europe were only allowed to send 20,000 immigrants per year nine Europeans only 4000

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19
Q

What was the consequence of depression regarding shareholders

A

Shareholders and businesses lost millions of dollars

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20
Q

How did the depression affect industrial production

A

Dropped 45%

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21
Q

£20 went out of business is the cause of the depression

A

5000

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22
Q

By 1932 how many people were unemployed

A

Over 13 million

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23
Q

When did the great depression began

A

August 1929

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24
Q

Depression affects farmers

A

Farmers lost their land and more workers were forced to leave the land defined work they became known as hobos

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25
Q

How did the 1920s make the consequences of the depression even worse

A

Overproduction on the dustbowl from the 1920s met many areas of farmland when no longer suitable for growing crops or keeping animals

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26
Q

What was put in place in result of many people losing their houses due to the depression

A

Hoovervilles

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27
Q

How did welfare affect the depression

A

There was no welfare system such as benefits in please tell people in the depression

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28
Q

What was the system put in place to help people I could not feed themselves

A

Breadlines

People could queue up to get food supplied by charities

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29
Q

Why did people start to hate President Hoover

A

If used to recognise the problems injected Kenyanism and too much on voluntarism

30
Q

What was Keynesianism

A

A theory to say govt should spend in times of slump - not booming

31
Q

What were the bonus army

A

Ex army soldiers you went to the White House to ask to be paid their pensions early however hoover said no and turned the army on them even letting them use tear gas

32
Q

How did hoovers actions cause hatred

A

All across America people began protesting against the government and violence often broke out

33
Q

How did America make the depression global

A

America then recalled that loans to European countries from World War I this had a devastating impact causing the depression to become global

34
Q

How did the Hoovers policies make him a bad president for the depression

A

No government help rugged individualism

Laissez faire

Prosperity is just around the corner. This is because economies went through boom and bust cycles so prosperity would return

35
Q

What actions did hoover take after eventually giving in to rugged individualism

A

Cut taxes

Reconstruction Finance corp set to help banks off at emergency loans to banks

Federal farm board provided loans to Farmer cooperations ($47million)

Tarrifs introduced to protect us trade (Smoot-Hawley) however strangled international trade

36
Q

By late 1931 how many people were unemployed

A

Nearly 7 million

37
Q

Why do people hate hoover upon the 1932 election

A

As he said prosperity is just around the corner

However he was not doing nothing to help them

38
Q

What was a popular slogan regarding Hoover in the 1932 election

A

In Hoover we trusted and now we are busted

39
Q

What was the Hoover nicknamed for his ideas of rugged individualism

A

A Do nothing president

40
Q

What ways did hoover actually help

A

He tried to help the banks and persuade business leaders to improve wages

In 1932 allowed Congress to spend $2.1 billion on creating new jobs

41
Q

Who won the 1932 election

A

Democrat Franklin D Roosevelt

42
Q

What beliefs did FDR have that opposed Hoover

A

He believed in a strong active government

43
Q

What was FDR election campaign That helped him win

A

He travelled the country by train covering 20,800 km making speeches that proposed a new deal

This was the first time a presidential candidate had ever travelled the country to personally address so many people

44
Q

How many votes did FDR win the 1932 election by

A

7 million votes

Worst Republican defeat ever suffered

45
Q

Six points why Roosevelt one in the 1932 election

A

1) That was president when the depression started blamed for people suffering
2) hoover was seen as uncaring
3) hoovers policy is seen as too little too late
4) Rooseveldt seen as warm and caring man of action
5) Rooseveldt was an excellent public speaker who lead to successful campaigns
6) Fdr promised American people action and a new deal which gave US hope

46
Q

What was so significant about the first 100 days of Rooseveldt presidency

A

He persuaded Congress to give him emergency powers

By June 15th he pushed through 15 new laws

47
Q

How did Rooseveldt gain confidence in regards to prohibition

A

Abolished probation he said I think this would be a good time for a beer paragraph

restored faith in the government because it stop the humiliation of the government law being openly ignored

48
Q

How did Rooseveldt gain confidence from his fireside chats

A

He described his policies in radio broadcasts paragraph he also made sure that everyone who sent him a letter and everyone who telephoned the White House got a reply and was never cut off

49
Q

On average how many letters did Rooseveldt get per day

A

8000

50
Q

On the bank holiday 1933 how did Rooseveldt gain confidence

A

By using the emergency banking act which close the banks for four days

The government check that all the financially sound and then when we open the open with the backing of the federal reserve

People now confident to put their money back in bank

51
Q

How did FDR prevent another crash and gain confidence

A

The securities and exchange commission introduced rules for the stock exchange to prevent another crash like 1929

52
Q

How did FDR budget help the economy

A

He did not spend more than he had gathered in taxes

He could pay of government employees

Government borrows huge amount of money to finance a new deal but spent it on projects out of plan to pay back eventually

53
Q

How much did FDR cut government wages by

A

15%

54
Q

How did the AAA act help prices

A

Paid farmers to take field out of production to stop all the production and drive prices up

55
Q

How did the NRA help wages

A

Business men made to join roll of honour (blue eagle) promised to cut production and pay good wages

2.5 million firms employing 22 million people

56
Q

How did FDR help the currency regarding gold

A

Stopped people owning gold and had to put it in the banks

Made banks give all gold to govt

Increased price of gold from $20-$35 per ounce

57
Q

What was the CCC

A

Civilian conservation corp

Provided paid construction work to give unemployed young man jobs by 1941 2.5 million and taking part plus millions of trees planted parks in forest areas is developed

58
Q

What was FERA

A

Federal emergency relief administration

Provided and matched funding to help state organise payments to the unemployed and homeless

59
Q

What was the WPA

A

Working progress Administration

And projects which provided work for the unemployed for example building airports schools hospitals bridges and in them a small wage

60
Q

What was the TVA

A

Built 21 dams in 10 years

Stop flooding provided cheap electricity and provide work

61
Q

Which alphabet agencies were ruled unconstitutional by Supreme Court

A

AAA

NRA

62
Q

When was Rooseveldt second new deal

A

1935

63
Q

Who are the two main opposition to the new deal

A

The Supreme Court

Some businessmen who attacked and ignored NRA saying that it was expensive and wasteful

64
Q

What was the national Labour relations act of 1935

A

Also known as Wagner act

Replace banned NRA

Protect workers rights to join a trade union

Set up NLRB To prevent employees from victimising workers

65
Q

What was the soil conservation act of 1935

A

To replace the banned AAA

Allow the government to continue subsidising farmers

66
Q

The Social Security act of 1935

A

Provided America’s first system of social welfare

Set up a national system of old age pensions

Give help to people with physical disabilities

Give help the children in need

Set up a national system of unemployment insurance

67
Q

What was the National Housing act of 1937

A

Provided loans to buy houses

Reduced excessive rents

68
Q

What was the fair labour standards act of 1938

A

Set hours and conditions of work

Fixed a minimum wage

69
Q

What are the 5R’s to show success of new deal

A

Relief - help with mortgages and jobs from alphabet agencies

Roads and buildings - made by WPA + TVA

Reform - social security , minimum wage TU

Roosevelt - became people’s hero elected 4 times

Repercussions - democracy survives in America

70
Q

What are the weakness and failure of the new deal - 3D’s

A

DID NOT END DEPRESSION-

DAMAGED BLACKS AND IMMIGRANTS -

DETERMINED OPPOSIONS -BRASS
Businesmen hates new deal (workers rights)
Republican hates expenditure ‘wasteful’
Activists like Huey Long said not go far enough
State govt opposed as fed was taking power
Supreme Court said took away state power

71
Q

Who were the presidents 20-45

A

W Harding 1921-1923 REP
C Coolidge 1923- 1929 REP
H Hoover 1929-1933 REP
FDR 1933-1945 DEM

USA A-Level History (16 decks)

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