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USA A-Level History > Foreign Policy (+ww1) 1890-1920 > Flashcards

Foreign Policy (+ww1) 1890-1920 Flashcards

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1
Q

Reasons and extent for expansionism 1890-1920

A

P1) presidents role
P2) economic/military
P3) social

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2
Q

extent of isolationism 1890-1920

A

P1) isolated yes

P2) isolated no

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3
Q

How did the new American foreign policy differ the old from 1890-1920

A

Expansionist, traditionally been defensive

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4
Q

What were the reasons for USA being expansionist?

A

End of frontier
Age of imperialism
Rise of nationalism

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5
Q

Who was pro imperialist people in USA 1890-1920

A

Theodore Roosevelt
Alfred Thayer Mahan
Senator Henry Cabot lodge (navy)

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6
Q

What were isolationist

A

Upheld monroe doctrine

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7
Q

Who were isolationist people of USA 1890-1920

A 
William Jennings Bryan
Anti imperial league
Grover Cleveland
Andrew carnegie
Samuel grompers ( union leader)
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8
Q

What were the causes of the war with Spain and the Philippians

A

Cuban nationalist revolve against Spain and USA side with Cuba as Spain didn’t give Cubans a say

Cuba’s economy was dependant upon exports of tobacco and sugar to us

Cuba was strategically close to USA

American interest in Far East - Spanish had empire in Pacific

China unstable and rise of Japan

USS Maine blew up in Havana harbour feb1898

Started yellow press

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9
Q

What were the consequences against war with Spain and Philippines

A

Us annexed Spanish colonies in Caribbean and Pacific

Many of colonies were against Philippines ; violent and racial prejudice

1901 platt amendment claimed to protect Cuban independence from foreign intervention but allowed US involvement

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10
Q

Who wanted the Panama Canal

A

Theodore Roosevelt

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11
Q

How did the US get Panama Canal

A

TR sponsored series of uprising in Panama against Columbian rule facing them to accept Panama independence. Panama then negotiated terms for Canal Zone

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12
Q

How was China unstable in the Far East 1910

A

1910 boxer rebellion attacked foreigners in Beijing

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13
Q

What did us want with China

A

Open door trade

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14
Q

How did TR end the Russo-Japanese war

A

Free trade with China to make country stable as us scared of japan uprising

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15
Q

How did TR resolve tensions

A

Settled Alaska border dispute with Canada 1903

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16
Q

What was Roosevelt corollary?

A

Added to monroe doctrine saying us has the right to exercise as an international policing power in Latin America if cases of wrong doing

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17
Q

When was the Roosevelt corollary brought into reality

A

1904

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18
Q

What was dollar diplomacy?

A

Taft’s way of dealing with foreign affairs , would avoid intervention with using financial power instead

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19
Q

When was a case dollar diplomacy was used

A

In 1909 using Honduras’ debts to us to establish us financial control

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20
Q

When were unsuccessful times of dollar diplomacy

A

Haiti and Nicaragua as troops had to be sent to Nicaragua

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21
Q

How was China linked to the dollar diplomacy policy?

A

Used in China as J.P Morgan invested in railroads of China

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22
Q

How did Woodrow Wilson feel about dollar diplomacy

A

Rejected it as felt unethical

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23
Q

What characteristics did Woodrow Wilson have?

A

Peaceful
Pacifist
Ethical

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24
Q

What were the US policies when they entered WW1

A

Reinstated open door
Away from dollar diplomacy
Accepted new regime in China 1911 but sent marines into Mexico to restore order

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25
Q

How did Mexico link to the entry into WW1 for USA?

A

Fear of Mexican attack

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26
Q

How was US neutral in the start of WW1?

A

Naturally supported triple entente as more demographic , but Wilson promised neutrality as didn’t want foreign entanglements

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27
Q

What was Us’s beliefs towards military when WW1 broke out

A

Didn’t want a large national army
Didn’t like European colonialism
Because was had to be morally justified
German-US immigrants

28
Q

How did the US enter WW1

A

Britain and France under huge economic strain

WJB resigned in 1915- TR & Cabot lodge pushing for involvement , not neutral as traded with GB and France

German war boat sank Lusitania

Germany Zimmerman telegram to incite Mexico into the war forced WW to declare war on Germany

29
Q

Before US entered the war , how much did their trade rise with GB and FR ?

A

400%

30
Q

When did US declare war on Germany

A

April 1917

31
Q

What was the first wave of soldiers arriving into WW1

A

250,000 per month

32
Q

What happened in January 1918

A

Woodrow Wilson issued 14 points ; principles of what peace should be issued after war

33
Q

How did the America war effect the us economy?

A

Huge demand for manufactured goods / fuel supplies / food

GB + FR dependant on us loans and supplies

34
Q

How did the war effect the us economy once in the war?

A

Huge infrastructure developments
Based needed for the us army
Liberty loans raised funds food and fuel

EXPORTS ROSE
FULL EMPLOYMENT

35
Q

How was the post ww1 economy in America

A

Economy slowed down , brief recession 1921

36
Q

How was post war peace gained ?

A

Woodrow Wilson dominated the paris peace conference in jan 1919 with his wilsonian idealism “ world safe for democracy”

37
Q

What and when was the paris peace conference?

A

WW wanted to push his 14 points but clashes so WW backed down on many points.

But, treaties signed, borders decided and League of Nations created

38
Q

How was there post war peace back in USA

A

There was divisions as 50,000 dead in war, many died from Spanish flu, public turned against European war , difficult to sell tov + lon to public

39
Q

How was there divisions regarding the red scare?

A

Us patriotism grew through ww1, alongside it, grew the suspicion / hostility towards socialism. Nativeism grew ( kkk revives 1915)

40
Q

What were the acts to root out ‘aliens’

A

Espionage act of 1917
Sedition act of 1918
Immigration act of 1918
Emergency quota act of 1921

41
Q

What was the espionage act and when was it passed

A

1917

Mail could be seized and inspected, possible revolutionaries arrested

42
Q

What was the sedition act and when was it

A

1918

Extended powers under espionage act = 1500 prosecutions (2/3 convicted including Eugene debs)

43
Q

What was the immigration act and when was it

A

1918

Strengthens controls against immigrants

44
Q

What was the emergency quota act and when was it

A

1921

Drastic limits on immigration

45
Q

What was the red scare?

A

Oct / nov 1917, Russian revolution spread fear of communism spreading by immigrants from central / Eastern Europe

46
Q

Which type of people were the Americans weary of from the red scare

A

Anarchist ma, terrorist , pacifist , militant trade unions , German Americans and recent immigrants

47
Q

How did the effects of WW1 result in violence to businesses / govt cracking down on strikes

A

High inflation
Demobilisation
Rise in unemployment
Strikes such as 1919 60,000 workers on general strike in Seattle
Pittsburgh great steel strike lasted 3 months and resulted in violence

48
Q

Post ww1, how did racial tensions change?

A

Grew, 20 race riots in 1919

49
Q

What were the Palmer raids?

A

Us attorney general Mitchell Palmer was convinced of a real socialist threat - heightened by Bomb packages sent to public figures - therefore….

In nov 1919 Palmer justice dept raises offices of radical organisations across 12 cities

50
Q

What were results of he Palmer raids

A

Dec 1919 249 radicals deported
Jan 1920 33 cities forced to close communist party HQ’s

Supreme Court cracked down on Palmer and he lost credibility as it lead to citizens trying to stop crime unofficially

51
Q

What was the rate of dry congressmen by 1917?

A

2/3

52
Q

How did the war change the views of prohibition

A

Strengthens the drys as was anti-German, Wilson and progressives were dry

53
Q

What and when was the 18th amendment

A

1919- brought in the volstead act - enforces prohibition

54
Q

Who supported prohibition from the suffrage groups

A

Women’s Christian temperance union

55
Q

How was the position of AA at start of ww1?

A

Had high hopes - many volunteered to fight believing they would be rewarded with equality - they also moved north to work for the war effort in larger cities

56
Q

At the beginning of ww1, how many AA moved north

A

330,000 flowed north towards Chicago and NYC

57
Q

What was the position of AA post ww1

A

Came back with experiences and education - huge increase in NAACP membership

58
Q

What is NAACP?

A

National associated advancement for coloured people

59
Q

What was the treatment like of AA’s in the army?

A

Still segregated - treated inferior

Red summer 1919 racial tensions to riots

60
Q

What was normalcy?

A

Return to the way of life before WW1

61
Q

When did normalcy begin?

A

1919-1920

Huge change to policitics as progressivism and idealism towards political reaction towards internationalism and WW’s legacy?

62
Q

Who won the majority 1920 elections?

A

Republicans

63
Q

Why did republicans win the majority elections in the 1920

A

Long term reaction against immigration
Red scare
Pres candidate warren G Harding + Coolidge we’re calm and reasonableness with slogans - “law and order” “ America first “

64
Q

Why did America return to isolationism after WW

A

War weariness
Domestic concerns more pressing
Committed isolationist made convincing speech ( senator william Borah)
Ww was exhausted , too stubborn,

65
Q

What was the result of the 1920 election?

A

Republicans- they dominated since 1896 so back to republicanism - dems won southern states only

66
Q

Was 1920 the end of progressivism?

A

Wilson’s ideas were rejected, Lon not been signed , neither had tov

Reps dominated both houses

Harding promised normalcy

67
Q

How did progressivism not die after 1920

A

1924, Robert la Follette ran for pews and got 5 million votes, not until new dead and fdr did it return

USA A-Level History (16 decks)

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