Political 1865-1890 Flashcards
Who were the presidents during 1865-1920 (10)
1- 1864 to 15 April 1865- ABRAHAM LINCOLN (Republican) 2- 1865 - Andrew Johnson (Dem) 3- 1868- Ulysses Grant (Republican) 4- 1872- Ulysses Grant (Republican) 5- 1876- Rutherford Hayes (Republican) 6- 1880- James Garfield (Republican) 7- 1881- Chester Arthur (Republican) 8- 1884- Grover Cleveland (Dem) 9- 1888- Benjamin Harrison (Republican) 10- 1992 - Grover Cleveland (Dem)
When was the period of reconstruction?
1865-1877
What made it easy for Lincoln to start planning reconstruction in the south?
Union soldiers occupied large areas
When did Abraham Lincoln offer his plan of reconstruction and what did it mean
December 1865
States new constitution prohibits slavery
When did congress propose Abraham’s plan
January 1865, congress proposed an amendment to the constitution to abolish slavery in the USA
When was Abraham’s plan put into action to create an amendment and what number?
December 18th 1865
13th amendment
Formally abolishing slavery
When did the civil war end?
April 9th 1865
When did Abraham Lincoln die?
Assassinated less than a week later after end of civil war
Who took over Lincoln?
Andrew Johnson, his Vice President
What was the similarities between Lincoln’s plan and Johnson’s of reconstruction
Johnson originally carried on his plans for a month then in May 1865 he announced his own plans
Announced a vow of loyalty to nation and abolish slavery that Southern states were required to take before being re allowed to join nation
What were the black codes?
Used in midwestern states to regulate the migration of free African Americans to the midwest
Used in south cruelly and severely
Southern legislation was passed to restrict civil rights if former slaves
What state abolished full civil rights of African Americans!
Mississippi , meaning other states adopted their own black codes
What was the Freedmen’s Bureau?
Was organised to provide relief and assistance ton former slaves it included;
Health services
Educational services
Abandoned land services
How was their political corruption between 1865-1890 regarding Rutherford Hayes? TBC….
Known as a ‘lane duck’, allowed southern sta
How was the election of 1876 of importance?
Grant took over by Hayes
Huge electoral fraud
Hayes made political states leading to the compromise of 1877
What was the compromise of 1877
Hayes offered to withdraw of union troops from the south so that democrats would recognise Hayes as president
Meant that African Americans newly acquired rights were to be stripped as not able to be enforced
What was the 1866 civil rights act
Passed by Congress outlines freedoms for communities
Such as right to make contracts
Own and sell property
Receive equal treatment under law
What was the military reconstruction act of 1867
Divided south into 5 military districts and outlined how new govts would be designed
How did Johnson deal with radical initiatives
Veto’d them but congress overrode him each time
When and why was Johnson impeached
1868
Veto’d congress as he tried to hinder radical reform
What did the 14th amendment do and when was it
1867
Provide citizen ship and civil liberties to recently freed slaves
What was a carpet bagger
Name given to northerners who came south for political and economic reasons
Using reconstruction to their own advantage
Who was a main group who didn’t support RR
KKK
When was the KKK established
1865
What did radical republicans believe
Blacks were entitled to same political rights and opportunity as whites as
Who did the blacks vote for
Republicans
Who controlled all 3 branches of federal govt 1869
Republicans
What did the 15th amendment do
Prohibit states from restricting right to vote because of race
What ended the KKK and when
Govt administration launched a legal and military offensive that destroyed KKK in 1971
When was grant re-elected
72
What were the two main types of opposition to radical reconstruction
1) political- democratic redeemers who fought to redeem the south: took away voting rights for AA through literacy tests
2) violent opposition - white terrorist to intimidate
How many AA killed in Louisiana 1873
1000
How did RR fail
Reluctant to use federal troops
Redeemers restores south
Amnesty act allowed ex confeds return to political life
What was the tweed ring
Tweed looted $45 million from state govts under grant
How many confeds did Johnson pardon
13,000
What is a lame duck
Stayed for 1 term
What is pork barrel politics
Policies of passing laws to reward people for their backing
Cartels paid off politicians
