Soc 15: The Structure Of The Heart Flashcards
Cardio-respiratory system
the interaction of the heart and lungs to supply oxygen to muscles during exercise.
Cardiovascular
to do with the heart, blood and blood vessels together.
Vasodilation
when veins swell up or dilate; widening of the internal diameter (lumen) of the blood vessel to allow increased blood flow.
Vasoconstriction
when veins shrink down; narrowing of the internal diameter (lumen) of the blood vessel to decrease blood How.
Three functions of the muscular system
Transport oxygen, carbon dioxide and nutrients
It helps cut blood
It controls the body temperature
What is vascular shunting?
Your muscles need more blood for movement and so
move away from the organs to the muscles
The process is called vascular shunting
Your heart starts to beat faster and your blood vessels
constrict into order to divert the blood to the muscles
Your reflexes get faster and your muscles may tense up
What are the 4 characteristics of Arteries?
Arteries take blood away from the heart
Arteries have thick walls and are more elastic than veins as they carry blood
which is at a higher pressure than veins as they carry oxygenated blood
The channel the blood flows through, called the lumen, can widen to allow more
blood through when you so that it can reach the working muscles
The pulmonary artery is different from other arteries as it carries deoxygenated
blood from the heart to the lungs
What are the 4 characteristics of veins
Veins carry blood into the heart
Veins have much thinner walls, are less elastic and carry blood at a lower
pressure
Veins contain many valves which helps deoxygenated blood flow to the heart
The pulmonary vein is different to other veins as it carries oxygenated blood
from the lungs back to the heart
What are the 4 characteristics of capillaries
Capillaries are microscopic vessels - just one cell thick
At one end, capillaries carry oxygenated blood which transfers oxygen and
nutrients to the muscles
At the other end, they carry deoxygenated blood into the veins, picking up waste
products and taking them around the body to dispose of them
Capillaries are where gaseous exchange takes place
What is the role of the pulmanory vein?
Brings oxygenated blood from the lung to the heart
What is the role of the pulmonary artery?
Oxygenated blood to the lungs
What is the role of the vena cava?
Brings deoxygenated blood into the heart from the body
What is the role of aorta?
Oxygenated blood from the heart to the body
What is the importance of red blood cells
Red blood cells transport oxygen from the lungs to the body’s cells, and carbon
dioxide from the cells to the lungs
they contain haemoglobin, which stores oxygen and carbon dioxide
This is important to a long distance runner as their working muscles require
more oxygen when running.
What is the importance of white blood cells
The blood also contains transparent cells called white blood cells
They have an important function as the defence system of the body
They produce antibodies to fight against infection and diseases
If an athlete has a disease or infection they may not be able to train/perform.
