Soc 14 Flashcards
What are Voluntary muscles
Voluntary muscles are under your control, you can choose when to contract or relax them. All these muscles are attached to the skelleton via tendons. When your muscle contract movement takes place.
What are Involuntary muscles
Involuntary muscles are not under our control. They contract and relax automatically. Controlled by involuntary nervous system. They can be found in the digestive, organs, circulatory and uniary systems.
What are Cardiac muscle
Only found in the wall of the heart it is a very specialised type of involuntary muscle. Cardiac muscle is made up of interlaced fibers. These fibres can spread electronical signals from the brain right through tonthe heart so the cells can contract together.
Muscle fibres - Slow Twitch (Type 1)
- Suits endurance activites - can work for long periods of time
- They are darker in colour because they contain Myoglobin
Muscle fibres - Fast twitch (type 2)
Fast twitch (type 2)
- Type 2a - used in anaerobic work can be improved through endurance training. Increase their resistance to fatigue
- Type 2x - used in anaerobic work that can generate more power that other muscle fibres but fatigue quickly
- Suits speed events such as sprinting and jumping and are lighter in colour because they dont use oxygen for energy
How the skeletal and muscular systems work together
The muscular system is made of more than 600 muscles, including involuntary muscles (heart) and the smooth muscles of the internal organs. All muscles are connected to the nervous system, which allows movement to start through signals from the brain.
What is Myoglobin
A red pigment that transports oxygen to the muscles
Where are the Gluteals located
In the middle of the body at the back, forming the bottom.
Where are the hamstrings located
At the top of each leg at the back.
Where is the gastrocnemus located
At the bottom of each leg at the back. Also known as the calf muscles.
Function of gluteals
Adduct and extend the leg at the hips, pull the leg backwards.
Function of hamstrings
Flex the legs at the knees.
Function of gastrocnemus
Point the toes (planta-flexion) at the ankle.
Where is the latimuss dorsi located
At the back of the body, either side of the chest.
Where are the triceps located
At the top of each arm at the back
Function of latimuss dorsi
Pull your arms down at the shoulders and behind your back (adduct and extend).
Function of triceps
Extend the arm at the elbow.
Where are the deltoids located
In the upper part of the body, covering the shoulders.
Where are the biceps located
At the top of each arm at the front.
Where are the quadriceps located
At the top of each leg at the front.
Function of deltoids
Raise the arms in all directions at the shoulders.
Function of biceps
Flex the arm at the elbows.
Function of quadriceps
Extend the leg at the knee.
Location of Pectoralis major
In the upper part of the chest at the front.
Location of External obliques
To the side of the abdomen.
Location of Tibialis anterior
Runs down the shin.
Location of hip flexors
Sit deep in the front of the hip and connect the leg .
Function of pectoralis major
Adduct the arm at the shoulder.
Function of external obliques
Pull the chest downwards. Flex and rotate the spinal column.
Function of tibialis anterior
Pull the toes up towards the shin (dorsi-flexion).
Function of hip flexors
Flex the hip, help the leg and knee up towards the body
