Soc 12- Skeletal System Flashcards
What are the 5 functions of the skeltal system
Protection of vital organs, muscle attachment, joints for movement, storing calcium and phosphourous, produces red blood cells
Bones in torsos
Clavicle, sternum, capula, pelvis, ribcage
Bones in arm
Humerous, radius, ulna, carpals, metacarpals, phalanges
Bone in the leg
Tarsals, metatarsals, phalanges, femur, patella, tibia, fibula
Bones in the spine
Cervical, thoracic, lumbar, saerum, caccyx
Long bones
Long bones are longer than they are wide. They don’t have to
be big, small bones like finger bones (phalanges) count as long
bones. A long bone has a shaft and two ends.
Short bones
Short bones are generally the same size in length, width and
thickness. The only short bones in the body are the carpals
(cuffs) in the wrist and the tarsals (toes) in the foot.
Flat bones
Flat bones usually protect organs or offer a good surface for
muscles to attach to. For example, the ribs protect the heart
and lungs, while the broad scapula has three muscles attached
to it. Other flat bones are; scapula, cranium and clavicle.
Irregular bones
Irregular bones have odd shapes and vary in function. An
example is the vertebrae which help protects the spinal column
and the sacrum which has lots of attachment points,
Pivot joint
Pivot joints allow bones to rotate. One cylinder bone rotates inside another bone or ligament. There are three pivot joints : wrist, elbow and neck
Hinge joint
A hinge joint allows only backwards and forward motion. There are three hinge joints : knee, elbow and ankle. In the knee joint the tibia is hinged on the femur so that the leg can be bent or straightened.
Ball and socket joints
A rounded head of a long bone fits into a cupped shape hole. Hip and shoulder are both ball and socket joints.
Condyloid joints
Similar to ball and socket - but the ball rests against the end of a bone. This allows circular motion
