small intestine Flashcards
What is the function of the small intestine?
The small intestine is responsible for nutrient absorption and digestion, breaking down food into essential nutrients that are absorbed into the bloodstream.
What are the three main sections of the small intestine?
Duodenum
Jejunum
Ileum
is where most chemical digestion occurs. It receives bile from the liver and digestive enzymes from the pancreas to aid digestion.
The duodenum (the first section)
is primarily responsible for nutrient absorption, absorbing the majority of nutrients into the bloodstream.
The jejunum (middle section)
absorbs remaining nutrients and transfers waste to the large intestine.
The ileum (final section)
What are villi and microvilli in the small intestine?
Villi and microvilli are small finger-like projections in the inner lining of the small intestine that increase surface area for better nutrient absorption.
What are the key functions of the small intestine?
digestion, absorption and immune defense
Breaks down proteins, carbohydrates, and fats using enzymes.
Digestion
Transports nutrients into the bloodstream
Absorption
Contains immune cells to protect against harmful bacteria.
Immune Defense
an autoimmune disorder triggered by gluten, damaging the small intestine’s lining and impairing nutrient absorption.
Celiac disease
a chronic inflammatory condition that affects the small intestine, causing pain, diarrhea, and nutrient malabsorption.
Crohn’s disease
an excessive growth of bacteria in the small intestine, leading to digestive issues like bloating and diarrhea.
Small Intestinal Bacterial Overgrowth (SIBO)
a blockage in the small intestine that prevents food from passing through, causing pain and potentially severe complications.
intestinal obstruction
How are disorders of the small intestine diagnosed?
using endoscopy, CT scan/MIR and
A camera inserted into the digestive tract
Endoscopy
To check for infections or deficiencies.
Blood and Stool Tests
Imaging techniques to detect abnormalities.
CT Scan/MRI
What are the common treatments for small intestine disorders?
Dietary Changes (e.g., gluten-free diet for celiac disease).
Medications (e.g., antibiotics, anti-inflammatory drugs).
Surgery (for severe conditions like obstructions).
