sexual and asexual reproduction in plants Flashcards
Includes the anther (where pollen is produced) and the filament (holds the anther).
Male Part (Stamen)
Includes the stigma (where pollen lands), the style (tube for pollen to travel), and the ovary (contains the ovules).
Female Part (Pistil or Carpel
the transfer of pollen from the male anther to the female stigma.
Pollination
Pollen from the same plant fertilizes the ovule
Self-pollination
Pollen from another plant fertilizes the ovule, often assisted by insects, wind, or water.
Cross-pollination
What happens during fertilization in plants?
Once pollen lands on the stigma, it germinates and forms a pollen tube that travels down the style to the ovary. Two sperm cells travel down the tube:
One sperm fertilizes the egg, forming a zygote, which develops into the plant embryo.
The other sperm fertilizes two other nuclei, forming the endosperm, which nourishes the embryo.
What is seed and fruit development in plants?
The ovule becomes a seed.
The ovary develops into a fruit, which protects the seed and aids in its dispersal.
What are the ways seeds can be dispersed?
by wind, water, animals and Explosive Dispersal
what seeds that are carried away by wind
light seeds
use water currents for dispersal
aquatic plants
Seeds can stick to animal fur or be eaten and excreted
Animals
Some plants have pods that burst open to scatter seeds.
Explosive Dispersal
grows first, anchoring the plant.
The radicle (root
grows next, starting the process of photosynthesis.
The shoot (stem and leaves)
It promotes genetic variation, helping plants adapt to changing environments.
Genetic Diversity
It ensures the continuation of plant species and leads to the evolution of new traits.
Species Survival
plants does not involve fertilization and produces offspring that are genetically identical to the parent plant.
Asexual reproduction
What are the types of asexual reproduction in plants?
budding, vegetative propagation, fragmentation, tubers, bulbs, rhizomes, stolons
A new plant develops from a bud.
budding
New plants grow from roots, stems, or buds.
Vegetative Propagation
Plants break into pieces that grow into new plants.
Fragmentation
Swollen underground stems that produce new shoots.
Tubers
Storage organs that produce new plants.
Bulbs
Underground stems that produce new plants.
Rhizomes
Runners that produce new plants, like in strawberries.
Stolons
What are the artificial methods of asexual reproduction in plants?
cutting, grafting, layering and micropropagarion
: Taking part of a plant to produce a new one.
Cuttings
Combining favorable stem and root characteristics.
Grafting
Covering a branch with soil to develop roots.
Layering
Growing plants asexually from a small amount of plant tissue (tissue culture).
Micropropagation
What are the advantages of asexual reproduction in plants?
Plants reach maturity faster.
Plants are sturdier than seedlings.
reproduce asexually through tubers, which are swollen underground stems that produce new shoots.
Potatoes
reproduces asexually through bulbs, which are underground storage organs that produce new plants.
garlic
reproduce asexually through bulbs, which allow the plant to regenerate new growth.
Onions
reproduce asexually through bulbs, enabling them to produce new plants without seeds.
Crocuses
reproduces asexually through rhizomes, which are underground stems that can produce new plants.
Ginger
reproduce asexually through stolons (runners), which grow new plants at the nodes.
Strawberries
