ENZYMES INVOLVE IN CHEMICAL DIGESTION Flashcards
the process of breaking down large food molecules into smaller, simpler molecules using enzymes. These smaller molecules can be absorbed into the bloodstream and used by the body.
Chemical digestion
where does chemical digestion occur?
It occurs in the mouth, stomach, and small intestine.
a biological catalyst (usually a protein) that speeds up a specific chemical reaction.
an enzyme
what role does enzyme play in digestion?
It is not consumed in the reaction and helps break down food molecules.
What is a substrate in the context of chemical digestion?
A substrate is the molecule(s) upon which an enzyme acts. It is the reactant being changed during the chemical reaction.
What are products in the process of chemical digestion?
Products are the molecule(s) resulting from the enzyme’s action on the substrate. These are the end results of the chemical reaction.
a temporary molecule formed when the substrate binds to the enzyme. The enzyme undergoes a conformational (shape) change when it binds to the substrate.
An enzyme-substrate complex
What are the key enzymes in the oral cavity (mouth) for digestion?
Enzymes in the mouth, like salivary amylase, begin the breakdown of carbohydrates into simpler sugars.
What are the key enzymes in the stomach for digestion?
In the stomach, pepsin is the key enzyme that breaks down proteins into smaller peptides.
What are the key enzymes produced by the pancreas in the small intestine?
Pancreatic enzymes like amylase (for carbohydrates), lipase (for fats), and proteases (for proteins) further digest food in the small intestine.
What are brush border enzymes and their role in digestion?
Brush border enzymes, like lactase and maltase, are located on the microvilli of the small intestine. They break down disaccharides into monosaccharides (e.g., lactose into glucose and galactose).
Why are enzymes important in digestion?
Enzymes in the mouth, stomach, and intestines work together to break down food into usable nutrients, providing the body with energy and building blocks for growth and health.
